Update CodeQL Schedule to scan release branches (#23169)

* Update CodeQL Schedule to scan release branches

This allows us to switch our release branches to also use the scheduled CodeQL check so we can remove CodeQL from the PR flow for our release branches too.

* Use go dependency caching with auto build

This change speeds up the build by about ~2 minutes (10%)

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -17,11 +17,20 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
+        branch: [ 'master', 'branch/v10', 'branch/v11', 'branch/v12' ]
         language: [ 'go', 'javascript' ]
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
       uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      with:
+        ref: ${{ matrix.branch }}
+
+    - name: Set up Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+      with:
+        cache-dependency-path: '**/go.sum'
+      if: ${{ matrix.language == 'go' }}
 
     - name: Initialize the CodeQL tools for scanning
       uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2