Ethan 61e31ec5cc perf(coderd/x/chatd): persist workspace agent binding across chat turns (#23274)
## Summary

This change removes the steady-state "resolve the latest workspace
agent" query from chat execution.

Instead of asking the database for the latest build's agent on every
turn, a chat now persists the workspace/build/agent binding it actually
uses and reuses that binding across subsequent turns. The common path
becomes "load the bound agent by ID and dial it", with fallback paths to
repair the binding when it is missing, stale, or intentionally changed.

## What changes

- add `workspace_id`, `build_id`, and `agent_id` binding fields to
`chats`
- expose those fields through the chat API / SDK so the execution
context is explicit
- load the persisted binding first in chatd, instead of always resolving
the latest build's agent
- persist a refreshed binding when chatd has to re-resolve the workspace
agent
- keep child / subagent chats on the same bound workspace context by
inheriting the parent binding
- leave `build_id` / `agent_id` unset for flows like `create_workspace`,
then bind them lazily on the next agent-backed turn

## Runtime behavior

The binding is treated as an optimistic cache of the agent a chat should
use:

- if the bound agent still exists and dials successfully, we use it
without a latest-build lookup
- if the bound agent is missing or no longer reachable, chatd
re-resolves against the latest build and persists the new binding
- if a workspace mutation changes the chat's target workspace, the
binding is updated as part of that mutation

To avoid reintroducing a hot-path query, dialing uses lazy validation:

- start dialing the cached agent immediately
- only validate against the latest build if the dial is still pending
after a short delay
- if validation finds a different agent, cancel the stale dial, switch
to the current agent, and persist the repaired binding

## Result

The hot path stops issuing
`GetWorkspaceAgentsInLatestBuildByWorkspaceID` for every user message,
which is the source of the DB pressure this PR is addressing. At the
same time, chats still converge to the correct workspace agent when the
binding becomes stale due to rebuilds or explicit workspace changes.
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