diff --git a/app/api/proxy/route.ts b/app/api/proxy/route.ts
index 388d695cf9..0284395d68 100644
--- a/app/api/proxy/route.ts
+++ b/app/api/proxy/route.ts
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export async function POST(request: Request) {
   } catch (error: any) {
     return NextResponse.json({
       success: false,
-      error: error.message || 'Unknown error',
+      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
     })
   }
 }
diff --git a/app/w/[id]/components/workflow-block/components/sub-block/components/webhook-config.tsx b/app/w/[id]/components/workflow-block/components/sub-block/components/webhook-config.tsx
index 8f12ac1e7e..6523e23b8f 100644
--- a/app/w/[id]/components/workflow-block/components/sub-block/components/webhook-config.tsx
+++ b/app/w/[id]/components/workflow-block/components/sub-block/components/webhook-config.tsx
@@ -183,7 +183,11 @@ export function WebhookConfig({ blockId, subBlockId, isConnecting }: WebhookConf
 
       if (!response.ok) {
         const errorData = await response.json()
-        throw new Error(errorData.error || 'Failed to save webhook')
+        throw new Error(
+          typeof errorData.error === 'object'
+            ? errorData.error.message || JSON.stringify(errorData.error)
+            : errorData.error || 'Failed to save webhook'
+        )
       }
 
       const data = await response.json()
diff --git a/tools/index.ts b/tools/index.ts
index ee3bb3f17c..9291e72d6a 100644
--- a/tools/index.ts
+++ b/tools/index.ts
@@ -402,11 +402,17 @@ async function handleInternalRequest(
       let errorData
       try {
         errorData = await response.json()
-      } catch (e) {
-        errorData = { error: response.statusText }
+      } catch {
+        throw new Error(response.statusText || `Request failed with status ${response.status}`)
       }
 
-      throw new Error(errorData.error || `Request failed with status ${response.status}`)
+      // Extract error message from nested error objects (common in API responses)
+      const errorMessage =
+        typeof errorData.error === 'object'
+          ? errorData.error.message || JSON.stringify(errorData.error)
+          : errorData.error || `Request failed with status ${response.status}`
+
+      throw new Error(errorMessage)
     }
 
     // Use the tool's response transformer if available
diff --git a/tools/sheets/read.ts b/tools/sheets/read.ts
index d1e334b6dd..85f4e79272 100644
--- a/tools/sheets/read.ts
+++ b/tools/sheets/read.ts
@@ -49,7 +49,11 @@ export const readTool: ToolConfig<GoogleSheetsToolParams, GoogleSheetsReadRespon
   },
   transformResponse: async (response: Response) => {
     if (!response.ok) {
-      const errorText = await response.text()
+      const errorJson = await response.json().catch(() => ({ error: response.statusText }))
+      const errorText =
+        errorJson.error && typeof errorJson.error === 'object'
+          ? errorJson.error.message || JSON.stringify(errorJson.error)
+          : errorJson.error || response.statusText
       throw new Error(`Failed to read Google Sheets data: ${errorText}`)
     }
 
@@ -91,12 +95,30 @@ export const readTool: ToolConfig<GoogleSheetsToolParams, GoogleSheetsReadRespon
 
     // If it's an object with an error or message property
     if (typeof error === 'object' && error !== null) {
+      // Handle Google API error response format
       if (error.error) {
-        return typeof error.error === 'string' ? error.error : JSON.stringify(error.error)
+        if (typeof error.error === 'string') {
+          return error.error
+        }
+        // Google API often returns error objects with error.error.message
+        if (typeof error.error === 'object' && error.error.message) {
+          return error.error.message
+        }
+        // If error.error is an object but doesn't have a message property
+        return JSON.stringify(error.error)
       }
+
       if (error.message) {
         return error.message
       }
+
+      // If we have a complex object, stringify it for debugging
+      try {
+        return `Google Sheets API error: ${JSON.stringify(error)}`
+      } catch (e) {
+        // In case the error object can't be stringified (e.g., circular references)
+        return 'Google Sheets API error: Unable to parse error details'
+      }
     }
 
     // Default fallback message