diff --git a/src/server/services/modelService.discovery.test.ts b/src/server/services/modelService.discovery.test.ts
index 3cef888..42ec938 100644
--- a/src/server/services/modelService.discovery.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/services/modelService.discovery.test.ts
@@ -387,6 +387,83 @@ describe('refreshModelsForAccount credential discovery', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it('preserves existing availability when allowInactive refresh fails', async () => {
+    getApiTokenMock.mockResolvedValue(null);
+    getModelsMock.mockRejectedValue(new Error('upstream unavailable'));
+
+    const site = await db.insert(schema.sites).values({
+      name: 'site-rebind-refresh',
+      url: 'https://site-rebind-refresh.example.com',
+      platform: 'new-api',
+      status: 'active',
+    }).returning().get();
+
+    const account = await db.insert(schema.accounts).values({
+      siteId: site.id,
+      username: 'rebind-user',
+      accessToken: 'session-token',
+      apiToken: null,
+      status: 'disabled',
+      extraConfig: JSON.stringify({ credentialMode: 'session' }),
+    }).returning().get();
+
+    const token = await db.insert(schema.accountTokens).values({
+      accountId: account.id,
+      name: 'default',
+      token: 'sk-stored-token',
+      source: 'manual',
+      enabled: true,
+      isDefault: true,
+      valueStatus: 'ready' as any,
+    }).returning().get();
+
+    await db.insert(schema.modelAvailability).values({
+      accountId: account.id,
+      modelName: 'gpt-4.1',
+      available: true,
+      latencyMs: 120,
+      checkedAt: '2026-03-21T11:30:00.000Z',
+    }).run();
+
+    await db.insert(schema.tokenModelAvailability).values({
+      tokenId: token.id,
+      modelName: 'gpt-4.1',
+      available: true,
+      latencyMs: 90,
+      checkedAt: '2026-03-21T11:30:00.000Z',
+    }).run();
+
+    const result = await refreshModelsForAccount(account.id, { allowInactive: true });
+
+    expect(result).toMatchObject({
+      accountId: account.id,
+      refreshed: true,
+      status: 'failed',
+      modelCount: 0,
+      discoveredByCredential: false,
+    });
+
+    const modelRows = await db.select().from(schema.modelAvailability)
+      .where(eq(schema.modelAvailability.accountId, account.id))
+      .all();
+    expect(modelRows).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(modelRows[0]).toMatchObject({
+      accountId: account.id,
+      modelName: 'gpt-4.1',
+      available: true,
+    });
+
+    const tokenRows = await db.select().from(schema.tokenModelAvailability)
+      .where(eq(schema.tokenModelAvailability.tokenId, token.id))
+      .all();
+    expect(tokenRows).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(tokenRows[0]).toMatchObject({
+      tokenId: token.id,
+      modelName: 'gpt-4.1',
+      available: true,
+    });
+  });
+
   it('does not scan masked_pending placeholders as token credentials', async () => {
     getApiTokenMock.mockResolvedValue(null);
     getModelsMock.mockImplementation(async (_baseUrl: string, token: string) => (
diff --git a/src/server/services/modelService.ts b/src/server/services/modelService.ts
index 3e66a83..0138953 100644
--- a/src/server/services/modelService.ts
+++ b/src/server/services/modelService.ts
@@ -499,21 +499,59 @@ export async function refreshModelsForAccount(
   const oauth = getOauthInfoFromExtraConfig(account.extraConfig);
   const adapter = getAdapter(site.platform);
   const accountProxyUrl = getProxyUrlFromExtraConfig(account.extraConfig);
-
-  const accountTokens = await db.select()
-    .from(schema.accountTokens)
-    .where(eq(schema.accountTokens.accountId, accountId))
-    .all();
-
-  await db.delete(schema.modelAvailability)
-    .where(eq(schema.modelAvailability.accountId, accountId))
-    .run();
-
-  for (const token of accountTokens) {
-    await db.delete(schema.tokenModelAvailability)
+  const restoreAvailabilityOnFailure = options?.allowInactive === true;
+  const previousAccountTokens = restoreAvailabilityOnFailure
+    ? await db.select()
+      .from(schema.accountTokens)
+      .where(eq(schema.accountTokens.accountId, accountId))
+      .all()
+    : [];
+  const previousModelAvailability = restoreAvailabilityOnFailure
+    ? await db.select()
+      .from(schema.modelAvailability)
+      .where(eq(schema.modelAvailability.accountId, accountId))
+      .all()
+    : [];
+  const previousTokenModelAvailability = restoreAvailabilityOnFailure
+    ? (await Promise.all(previousAccountTokens.map(async (token) => db.select()
+      .from(schema.tokenModelAvailability)
       .where(eq(schema.tokenModelAvailability.tokenId, token.id))
+      .all()))).flat()
+    : [];
+
+  const clearExistingAvailability = async () => {
+    await db.delete(schema.modelAvailability)
+      .where(eq(schema.modelAvailability.accountId, accountId))
       .run();
-  }
+
+    const currentAccountTokens = await db.select({ id: schema.accountTokens.id })
+      .from(schema.accountTokens)
+      .where(eq(schema.accountTokens.accountId, accountId))
+      .all();
+
+    for (const token of currentAccountTokens) {
+      await db.delete(schema.tokenModelAvailability)
+        .where(eq(schema.tokenModelAvailability.tokenId, token.id))
+        .run();
+    }
+  };
+
+  const restorePreviousAvailability = async () => {
+    if (!restoreAvailabilityOnFailure) return;
+    await clearExistingAvailability();
+    if (previousModelAvailability.length > 0) {
+      await db.insert(schema.modelAvailability).values(
+        previousModelAvailability.map(({ id: _id, ...row }) => row),
+      ).run();
+    }
+    if (previousTokenModelAvailability.length > 0) {
+      await db.insert(schema.tokenModelAvailability).values(
+        previousTokenModelAvailability.map(({ id: _id, ...row }) => row),
+      ).run();
+    }
+  };
+
+  await clearExistingAvailability();
 
   if (isSiteDisabled(site.status)) {
     return buildSkippedRefreshResult(accountId, 'site_disabled', '站点已禁用');
@@ -583,6 +621,7 @@ export async function refreshModelsForAccount(
         source: 'model-discovery',
         checkedAt,
       });
+      await restorePreviousAvailability();
       return buildFailedRefreshResult({
         accountId,
         errorCode,
@@ -650,6 +689,7 @@ export async function refreshModelsForAccount(
         source: 'model-discovery',
         checkedAt,
       });
+      await restorePreviousAvailability();
       return buildFailedRefreshResult({
         accountId,
         errorCode,
@@ -717,6 +757,7 @@ export async function refreshModelsForAccount(
         source: 'model-discovery',
         checkedAt,
       });
+      await restorePreviousAvailability();
       return buildFailedRefreshResult({
         accountId,
         errorCode,
@@ -788,6 +829,7 @@ export async function refreshModelsForAccount(
         source: 'model-discovery',
         checkedAt,
       });
+      await restorePreviousAvailability();
       return buildFailedRefreshResult({
         accountId,
         errorCode,
@@ -960,6 +1002,7 @@ export async function refreshModelsForAccount(
       source: 'model-discovery',
       checkedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
     });
+    await restorePreviousAvailability();
     return buildFailedRefreshResult({
       accountId,
       errorCode,