diff --git a/src/server/routes/api/oauth.test.ts b/src/server/routes/api/oauth.test.ts
index cb13c4b..eed23cb 100644
--- a/src/server/routes/api/oauth.test.ts
+++ b/src/server/routes/api/oauth.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import Fastify, { type FastifyInstance } from 'fastify';
+import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { afterAll, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { mkdtempSync } from 'node:fs';
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
@@ -427,6 +428,113 @@ describe('oauth routes', { timeout: 15_000 }, () => {
     expect(accounts).toEqual([]);
   });
 
+  it('keeps multiple codex team workspaces with the same email as separate oauth connections', async () => {
+    const buildTokenExchange = (accountId: string) => ({
+      ok: true,
+      status: 200,
+      json: async () => ({
+        access_token: `oauth-access-token-${accountId}`,
+        refresh_token: `oauth-refresh-token-${accountId}`,
+        id_token: buildJwt({
+          email: 'team-user@example.com',
+          'https://api.openai.com/auth': {
+            chatgpt_account_id: accountId,
+            chatgpt_plan_type: 'team',
+          },
+        }),
+        expires_in: 3600,
+        token_type: 'Bearer',
+      }),
+      text: async () => JSON.stringify({ ok: true }),
+    });
+
+    const buildModelDiscovery = (modelId: string) => ({
+      ok: true,
+      status: 200,
+      json: async () => ({
+        models: [{ id: modelId }],
+      }),
+      text: async () => JSON.stringify({ ok: true }),
+    });
+
+    fetchMock
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(buildTokenExchange('chatgpt-team-account-a'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(buildModelDiscovery('gpt-5.4'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(buildTokenExchange('chatgpt-team-account-b'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce(buildModelDiscovery('gpt-5.4'));
+
+    const startFirstResponse = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/api/oauth/providers/codex/start',
+      headers: {
+        host: 'metapi.example',
+        'x-forwarded-proto': 'https',
+      },
+    });
+    const firstSession = startFirstResponse.json() as { state: string };
+
+    const submitFirstCallback = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: `/api/oauth/sessions/${encodeURIComponent(firstSession.state)}/manual-callback`,
+      payload: {
+        callbackUrl: `http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?state=${encodeURIComponent(firstSession.state)}&code=oauth-code-team-a`,
+      },
+    });
+    expect(submitFirstCallback.statusCode).toBe(200);
+
+    const startSecondResponse = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: '/api/oauth/providers/codex/start',
+      headers: {
+        host: 'metapi.example',
+        'x-forwarded-proto': 'https',
+      },
+    });
+    const secondSession = startSecondResponse.json() as { state: string };
+
+    const submitSecondCallback = await app.inject({
+      method: 'POST',
+      url: `/api/oauth/sessions/${encodeURIComponent(secondSession.state)}/manual-callback`,
+      payload: {
+        callbackUrl: `http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?state=${encodeURIComponent(secondSession.state)}&code=oauth-code-team-b`,
+      },
+    });
+    expect(submitSecondCallback.statusCode).toBe(200);
+
+    const accounts = await db.select().from(schema.accounts)
+      .where(eq(schema.accounts.oauthProvider, 'codex'))
+      .orderBy(schema.accounts.id)
+      .all();
+
+    expect(accounts).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(accounts.map((account) => account.oauthAccountKey)).toEqual([
+      'chatgpt-team-account-a',
+      'chatgpt-team-account-b',
+    ]);
+
+    const connectionsResponse = await app.inject({
+      method: 'GET',
+      url: '/api/oauth/connections',
+    });
+
+    expect(connectionsResponse.statusCode).toBe(200);
+    expect(connectionsResponse.json()).toMatchObject({
+      total: 2,
+      items: expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          provider: 'codex',
+          email: 'team-user@example.com',
+          accountKey: 'chatgpt-team-account-a',
+        }),
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          provider: 'codex',
+          email: 'team-user@example.com',
+          accountKey: 'chatgpt-team-account-b',
+        }),
+      ]),
+    });
+  });
+
   it('rejects malformed manual callback submissions', async () => {
     const startResponse = await app.inject({
       method: 'POST',
diff --git a/src/server/services/oauth/service.ts b/src/server/services/oauth/service.ts
index 4332755..0bd9213 100644
--- a/src/server/services/oauth/service.ts
+++ b/src/server/services/oauth/service.ts
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ async function findExistingOauthAccount(input: {
     if (byKey) return byKey;
   }
 
-  if (email) {
+  if (!accountKey && email) {
     const byEmail = await db.select().from(schema.accounts).where(and(
       eq(schema.accounts.oauthProvider, input.provider),
       eq(schema.accounts.username, email),
diff --git a/src/web/pages/OAuthManagement.test.tsx b/src/web/pages/OAuthManagement.test.tsx
index 0ef8f24..689bc23 100644
--- a/src/web/pages/OAuthManagement.test.tsx
+++ b/src/web/pages/OAuthManagement.test.tsx
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ describe('OAuthManagement page', () => {
           accountId: 7,
           provider: 'codex',
           email: 'codex-user@example.com',
+          accountKey: 'chatgpt-account-123',
           planType: 'plus',
           modelCount: 3,
           modelsPreview: ['gpt-5', 'gpt-5-mini', 'gpt-5.2-codex'],
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@ describe('OAuthManagement page', () => {
         expect(text).toContain('codex-user@example.com');
         expect(text).toContain('plus');
         expect(text).toContain('3 个模型');
+        expect(text).toContain('chatgpt-account-123');
       });
     } finally {
       root?.unmount();
@@ -167,6 +169,7 @@ describe('OAuthManagement page', () => {
             accountId: 7,
             provider: 'codex',
             email: 'codex-user@example.com',
+            accountKey: 'chatgpt-account-123',
             planType: 'plus',
             modelCount: 3,
             modelsPreview: ['gpt-5', 'gpt-5-mini', 'gpt-5.2-codex'],
@@ -236,6 +239,8 @@ describe('OAuthManagement page', () => {
         'oauth-codex',
         expect.stringContaining('width=540'),
       );
+      expect(collectText(root!.root)).toContain('本地部署');
+      expect(collectText(root!.root)).toContain('云端部署');
       expect(collectText(root!.root)).toContain('ssh -L 1455:127.0.0.1:1455 root@metapi.example -p 22');
 
       await act(async () => {
@@ -334,10 +339,11 @@ describe('OAuthManagement page', () => {
       await vi.waitFor(async () => {
         await flushMicrotasks();
         expect(collectText(root!.root)).toContain('提交回调 URL');
+        expect(collectText(root!.root)).toContain('手动回调');
       });
 
       const textInput = root!.root.find((node) => (
-        node.type === 'input'
+        node.type === 'textarea'
         && node.props.value !== undefined
       ));
 
@@ -362,6 +368,7 @@ describe('OAuthManagement page', () => {
         'oauth-state-456',
         'http://localhost:54545/callback?code=test-code&state=oauth-state-456',
       );
+      expect(collectText(root!.root)).toContain('如果浏览器停在 localhost 错误页');
     } finally {
       root?.unmount();
     }
diff --git a/src/web/pages/OAuthManagement.tsx b/src/web/pages/OAuthManagement.tsx
index 7fe01a7..d6fd9bb 100644
--- a/src/web/pages/OAuthManagement.tsx
+++ b/src/web/pages/OAuthManagement.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { useEffect, useState, type ReactNode } from 'react';
 import { api, type OAuthConnectionInfo, type OAuthProviderInfo, type OAuthStartInstructions } from '../api.js';
 
 const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 1500;
@@ -34,6 +34,46 @@ function resolveConnectionStatusLabel(status?: string): string {
   return status === 'abnormal' ? '异常' : '正常';
 }
 
+function renderCodeBlock(value: string) {
+  return (
+    <code style={{
+      display: 'block',
+      padding: '10px 12px',
+      borderRadius: 'var(--radius-sm)',
+      background: 'color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-primary) 6%, var(--color-bg))',
+      border: '1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-primary) 18%, var(--color-border))',
+      color: 'var(--color-text-primary)',
+      fontSize: 12,
+      lineHeight: 1.5,
+      wordBreak: 'break-all',
+      whiteSpace: 'pre-wrap',
+    }}
+    >
+      {value}
+    </code>
+  );
+}
+
+function renderGuideCard(title: string, description: string, children?: ReactNode) {
+  return (
+    <div style={{
+      border: '1px solid var(--color-border)',
+      borderRadius: 'var(--radius-md)',
+      background: 'var(--color-bg)',
+      padding: 14,
+      display: 'grid',
+      gap: 10,
+    }}
+    >
+      <div>
+        <div style={{ fontSize: 13, fontWeight: 700, color: 'var(--color-text-primary)', marginBottom: 4 }}>{title}</div>
+        <div style={{ fontSize: 12, color: 'var(--color-text-secondary)', lineHeight: 1.6 }}>{description}</div>
+      </div>
+      {children}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
 export default function OAuthManagement() {
   const [providers, setProviders] = useState<OAuthProviderInfo[]>([]);
   const [connections, setConnections] = useState<OAuthConnectionInfo[]>([]);
@@ -218,54 +258,89 @@ export default function OAuthManagement() {
       {activeSession && (
         <div className="card" style={{ padding: 20, marginBottom: 16 }}>
           <div style={{ fontSize: 15, fontWeight: 600, marginBottom: 12 }}>授权指引</div>
-          <div style={{ fontSize: 13, color: 'var(--color-text-secondary)', display: 'grid', gap: 10 }}>
-            <div>回调地址固定为 {activeSession.instructions.redirectUri}</div>
-            <div>
-              打开授权页后，如果你在云端部署 metapi，请先在本地运行 SSH 隧道，再继续登录。
+          <div style={{ display: 'grid', gap: 12 }}>
+            <div style={{
+              padding: 12,
+              borderRadius: 'var(--radius-md)',
+              border: '1px solid var(--color-border)',
+              background: 'color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-primary) 5%, var(--color-bg-card))',
+            }}
+            >
+              <div style={{ fontSize: 12, color: 'var(--color-text-muted)', marginBottom: 6 }}>固定回调地址</div>
+              {renderCodeBlock(activeSession.instructions.redirectUri)}
             </div>
-            {activeSession.instructions.sshTunnelCommand && (
-              <div>
-                <div style={{ marginBottom: 4 }}>SSH 隧道命令</div>
-                <code>{activeSession.instructions.sshTunnelCommand}</code>
-              </div>
+
+            {renderGuideCard(
+              '本地部署',
+              'metapi 和浏览器在同一台机器时，不需要 SSH 隧道。直接点击“连接”，在弹窗里完成授权即可。',
+              <div style={{ fontSize: 12, color: 'var(--color-text-secondary)', lineHeight: 1.6 }}>
+                如果浏览器能直接访问上面的 localhost 回调地址，授权完成后会自动回到 metapi。
+              </div>,
             )}
-            {activeSession.instructions.sshTunnelKeyCommand && (
-              <div>
-                <div style={{ marginBottom: 4 }}>SSH Key 隧道命令</div>
-                <code>{activeSession.instructions.sshTunnelKeyCommand}</code>
-              </div>
-            )}
-            <div>
-              如果授权完成后浏览器停在 localhost 错误页，复制完整地址，等待 {Math.max(1, Math.round(activeSession.instructions.manualCallbackDelayMs / 1000))} 秒后粘贴回来。
-            </div>
-            {manualCallbackVisible ? (
-              <div style={{ display: 'grid', gap: 8 }}>
-                <input
-                  type="text"
-                  value={manualCallbackUrl}
-                  onChange={(event) => setManualCallbackUrl(event.target.value)}
-                  placeholder="粘贴完整的 callback URL"
-                />
-                <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: 8 }}>
-                  <button
-                    type="button"
-                    className="btn btn-primary"
-                    onClick={handleSubmitManualCallback}
-                    disabled={manualCallbackSubmitting}
-                  >
-                    {manualCallbackSubmitting ? '提交中...' : '提交回调 URL'}
-                  </button>
-                  <button
-                    type="button"
-                    className="btn btn-ghost"
-                    onClick={() => openOAuthPopup(activeSession.provider, activeSession.authorizationUrl)}
-                  >
-                    重新打开授权页
-                  </button>
+
+            {activeSession.instructions.sshTunnelCommand
+              ? renderGuideCard(
+                '云端部署',
+                'metapi 部署在 VPS、容器或远程主机时，浏览器访问到的是你自己电脑的 localhost。先在本地开 SSH 隧道，再继续登录。',
+                <div style={{ display: 'grid', gap: 8 }}>
+                  <div style={{ fontSize: 12, color: 'var(--color-text-muted)' }}>常规 SSH 隧道</div>
+                  {renderCodeBlock(activeSession.instructions.sshTunnelCommand)}
+                  {activeSession.instructions.sshTunnelKeyCommand && (
+                    <>
+                      <div style={{ fontSize: 12, color: 'var(--color-text-muted)' }}>SSH Key 隧道</div>
+                      {renderCodeBlock(activeSession.instructions.sshTunnelKeyCommand)}
+                    </>
+                  )}
+                </div>,
+              )
+              : renderGuideCard(
+                '云端部署',
+                '当前没有检测到远程主机地址。如果你实际是云端部署，请用能访问服务器 127.0.0.1 回调端口的 SSH 隧道方式完成授权。',
+              )}
+
+            {renderGuideCard(
+              '手动回调',
+              `如果浏览器停在 localhost 错误页，复制浏览器地址栏里的完整 URL，等待 ${Math.max(1, Math.round(activeSession.instructions.manualCallbackDelayMs / 1000))} 秒后粘贴回来。`,
+              manualCallbackVisible ? (
+                <div style={{ display: 'grid', gap: 10 }}>
+                  <textarea
+                    value={manualCallbackUrl}
+                    onChange={(event) => setManualCallbackUrl(event.target.value)}
+                    placeholder="粘贴完整的 callback URL，例如 http://localhost:1455/auth/callback?code=..."
+                    rows={3}
+                    style={{
+                      width: '100%',
+                      padding: '12px 14px',
+                      borderRadius: 'var(--radius-sm)',
+                      border: '1px solid var(--color-border)',
+                      background: 'var(--color-bg-card)',
+                      color: 'var(--color-text-primary)',
+                      resize: 'vertical',
+                      fontSize: 13,
+                      lineHeight: 1.5,
+                    }}
+                  />
+                  <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: 8, flexWrap: 'wrap' }}>
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      className="btn btn-primary"
+                      onClick={handleSubmitManualCallback}
+                      disabled={manualCallbackSubmitting}
+                    >
+                      {manualCallbackSubmitting ? '提交中...' : '提交回调 URL'}
+                    </button>
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      className="btn btn-ghost"
+                      onClick={() => openOAuthPopup(activeSession.provider, activeSession.authorizationUrl)}
+                    >
+                      重新打开授权页
+                    </button>
+                  </div>
                 </div>
-              </div>
-            ) : (
-              <div>手动回调入口将在几秒后可用。</div>
+              ) : (
+                <div style={{ fontSize: 12, color: 'var(--color-text-muted)' }}>手动回调入口将在几秒后可用。</div>
+              ),
             )}
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -317,6 +392,11 @@ export default function OAuthManagement() {
                     <div style={{ fontSize: 12, color: 'var(--color-text-muted)', marginTop: 4 }}>
                       {connection.planType || 'unknown'} · {connection.modelCount} 个模型
                     </div>
+                    {connection.accountKey && (
+                      <div style={{ fontSize: 12, color: 'var(--color-text-muted)', marginTop: 4 }}>
+                        连接标识: <span style={{ fontFamily: 'ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, monospace', color: 'var(--color-text-primary)' }}>{connection.accountKey}</span>
+                      </div>
+                    )}
                     {connection.projectId && (
                       <div style={{ fontSize: 12, color: 'var(--color-text-muted)', marginTop: 4 }}>
                         Project: {connection.projectId}