Update man page

This is just a split commit, refraining from renaming too much.

The drop(tx) call is no longer necessary, as the first sender
is dropped at the end of spawn_senders(..)

.snapcraft.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+name: fd
+version: git
+summary: "A simple, fast and user-friendly alternative to 'find'"
+description: |
+  fd is a simple, fast and user-friendly alternative to find.
+    - While it does not seek to mirror all of find's powerful functionality, it provides sensible (opinionated) defaults for 80% of the use cases.
+  Features
+    Convenient syntax: fd PATTERN instead of find -iname '*PATTERN*'.
+    Colorized terminal output (similar to ls).
+    It's fast (see benchmarks below).
+    Smart case: the search is case-insensitive by default. It switches to case-sensitive if the pattern contains an uppercase character*.
+    Ignores hidden directories and files, by default.
+    Ignores patterns from your .gitignore, by default.
+    Regular expressions.
+    Unicode-awareness.
+    The command name is 50% shorter* than find :-).
+    Parallel command execution with a syntax similar to GNU Parallel.
+
+grade: stable
+confinement: classic
+
+parts:
+  fd:
+    plugin: rust
+    source: ./
+
+apps:
+  fd:
+    command: bin/fd

.travis.yml

@@ -1,39 +1,145 @@
 language: rust
-rust:
+cache: cargo
-  - stable
-  - beta
-  - nightly
 matrix:
-  allow_failures:
+  # allow_failures:
-    - rust: nightly
+  #   - rust: nightly
   include:
-    # Nightly channel.
+    # Stable channel.
     - os: linux
-      rust: nightly
+      rust: stable
-      env: TARGET=i686-unknown-linux-musl
+      env: TARGET=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
     - os: linux
-      rust: nightly
+      rust: stable
       env: TARGET=x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+    - os: linux
+      rust: stable
+      env: TARGET=i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+    - os: linux
+      rust: stable
+      env: TARGET=i686-unknown-linux-musl
     - os: osx
-      rust: nightly
+      rust: stable
       env: TARGET=x86_64-apple-darwin
+    - os: linux
+      rust: stable
+      env:
+        - TARGET=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
+        - CARGO_TARGET_ARM_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNUEABIHF_LINKER=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-4.8
+    - os: linux
+      rust: stable
+      env:
+        - TARGET=arm-unknown-linux-musleabihf
+        - CARGO_TARGET_ARM_UNKNOWN_LINUX_MUSLEABIHF_LINKER=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-4.8
+
     # Beta channel.
-    - os: linux
-      rust: beta
-      env: TARGET=x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
     - os: linux
       rust: beta
       env: TARGET=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+    # Disabled to reduce total CI time
+    # - os: linux
+    #   rust: beta
+    #   env: TARGET=x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+    # - os: linux
+    #   rust: beta
+    #   env: TARGET=i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+    # - os: linux
+    #   rust: beta
+    #   env: TARGET=i686-unknown-linux-musl
+    # - os: osx
+    #   rust: beta
+    #   env: TARGET=x86_64-apple-darwin
+
+    # Nightly channel.
+    - os: linux
+      rust: nightly
+      env: TARGET=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+    # Disabled to reduce total CI time
+    # - os: linux
+    #   rust: nightly
+    #   env: TARGET=x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+    # - os: linux
+    #   rust: nightly
+    #   env: TARGET=i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+    # - os: linux
+    #   rust: nightly
+    #   env: TARGET=i686-unknown-linux-musl
+    # - os: osx
+    #   rust: nightly
+    #   env: TARGET=x86_64-apple-darwin
+
     # Minimum Rust supported channel.
     - os: linux
-      rust: 1.16.0
+      rust: 1.31.0
       env: TARGET=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
     - os: linux
-      rust: 1.16.0
+      rust: 1.31.0
       env: TARGET=x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+    - os: linux
+      rust: 1.31.0
+      env: TARGET=i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+    - os: linux
+      rust: 1.31.0
+      env: TARGET=i686-unknown-linux-musl
+    - os: osx
+      rust: 1.31.0
+      env: TARGET=x86_64-apple-darwin
 
-after_success:
+    # Code formatting check
-  - bash tests/test.sh
+    - os: linux
+      rust: nightly
+      # skip the global install step
+      install:
+        - cargo install --debug --force rustfmt-nightly
+      script: cargo fmt -- --check
+
+sudo: required
+
+before_install:
+  - ci/before_install.bash
+
+env:
+  global:
+    # Default target on travis-ci.
+    # Used as conditional check in the install stage
+    - HOST=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+    # Used on the deployment script
+    - PROJECT_NAME=fd
+
+install:
+  # prevent target re-add error from rustup
+  - if [[ $TRAVIS_OS_NAME = linux && $HOST != $TARGET ]]; then rustup target add $TARGET; fi
+
+script:
+  - ci/script.bash
+
+before_deploy:
+  - bash ci/before_deploy.bash
+
+deploy:
+  provider: releases
+  # NOTE updating the `api_key.secure`
+  # - go to: https://github.com/settings/tokens/new
+  # - generate new token using `public_repo` scope
+  # - encrypt it using: `travis encrypt API_KEY_HERE`
+  # - paste the output below
+  api_key:
+    secure: "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"
+  # for uploading multiple files
+  file_glob: true
+  # NOTE explanation on each env variable
+  # - PROJECT_NAME: name of the project, set on the `env.global` above
+  # - TRAVIS_TAG: tag name that the build is being deployed for, usually the version number
+  # - TARGET: target triple of the build
+  file:
+    - $PROJECT_NAME-$TRAVIS_TAG-$TARGET.*
+    - $PROJECT_NAME*.deb
+  # don't delete artifacts from previous stage
+  skip_cleanup: true
+  on:
+    # deploy only if we push a tag
+    tags: true
+    # deploy only on stable channel that has TARGET env variable sets
+    condition: $TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION = stable && $TARGET != ""
 
 notifications:
   email:

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+## Contributing to *fd*
+
+**Thank you very much for considering to contribute to this project!**
+
+We welcome any form of contribution:
+
+  * New issues (feature requests, bug reports, questions, ideas, ...)
+  * Pull requests (documentation improvements, code improvements, new features, ...)
+
+**Note**: Before you take the time to open a pull request, please open a ticket first. This will
+give us the chance to discuss any potential changes first.
+
+## Important links
+
+  * [Open issues](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd/issues)
+  * [Open pull requests](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd/pulls)
+  * [Development section in the README](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd#development)
+  * [fd on crates.io](https://crates.io/crates/fd-find)
+  * [LICENSE-APACHE](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE) and [LICENSE-MIT](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd/blob/master/LICENSE-MIT)
+  

Cargo.lock

@@ -1,92 +1,168 @@
-[root]
-name = "fd"
-version = "2.0.0"
-dependencies = [
- "ansi_term 0.9.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "atty 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "clap 2.24.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "ignore 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "regex 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "aho-corasick"
-version = "0.6.3"
+version = "0.6.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
- "memchr 1.0.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "memchr 2.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ansi_term"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "atty"
-version = "0.2.2"
+version = "0.2.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
- "kernel32-sys 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "libc 0.2.48 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libc 0.2.22 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "termion 1.5.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "winapi 0.2.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "winapi 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "0.8.2"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cc"
+version = "1.0.29"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg-if"
+version = "0.1.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "2.24.2"
+version = "2.32.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
- "ansi_term 0.9.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "ansi_term 0.11.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "atty 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "atty 0.2.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "bitflags 0.8.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "bitflags 1.0.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "strsim 0.6.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "strsim 0.7.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "term_size 0.3.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "term_size 0.3.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "unicode-segmentation 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "textwrap 0.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "unicode-width 0.1.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "unicode-width 0.1.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "vec_map 0.8.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "vec_map 0.8.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "crossbeam"
+name = "crossbeam-channel"
-version = "0.2.10"
+version = "0.3.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-utils 0.6.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "smallvec 0.6.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crossbeam-utils"
+version = "0.6.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "lazy_static 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ctrlc"
+version = "3.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+dependencies = [
+ "nix 0.11.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "winapi 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "diff"
+version = "0.1.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fd-find"
+version = "7.3.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "ansi_term 0.11.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "atty 0.2.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "clap 2.32.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "ctrlc 3.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "diff 0.1.11 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "filetime 0.2.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "humantime 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "ignore 0.4.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "lazy_static 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "libc 0.2.48 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "lscolors 0.5.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "num_cpus 1.10.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "regex 1.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "regex-syntax 0.6.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "tempdir 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "version_check 0.1.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if 0.1.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "libc 0.2.48 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "redox_syscall 0.1.51 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
-version = "1.0.5"
+version = "1.0.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fuchsia-cprng"
+version = "0.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "globset"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
- "aho-corasick 0.6.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "aho-corasick 0.6.9 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "fnv 1.0.5 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "fnv 1.0.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "log 0.4.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "memchr 1.0.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "memchr 2.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "regex 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "regex 1.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "humantime"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+dependencies = [
+ "quick-error 1.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ignore"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.4.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 dependencies = [
- "crossbeam 0.2.10 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "crossbeam-channel 0.3.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "globset 0.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "globset 0.4.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "lazy_static 0.2.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "lazy_static 1.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "log 0.3.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "log 0.4.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "memchr 1.0.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "memchr 2.2.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "regex 0.2.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "regex 1.1.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "thread_local 0.3.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "same-file 1.0.4 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "walkdir 1.0.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "thread_local 0.3.6 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "walkdir 2.2.7 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
+ "winapi-util 0.1.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -100,99 +176,214 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
-version = "0.2.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.22"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-
-[[package]]
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-version = "0.3.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "memchr"
-version = "1.0.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-dependencies = [
- "libc 0.2.22 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "regex"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-dependencies = [
- "aho-corasick 0.6.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "memchr 1.0.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "regex-syntax 0.4.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "thread_local 0.3.3 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "utf8-ranges 1.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
-]
-
-[[package]]
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-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "same-file"
-version = "0.1.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-dependencies = [
- "kernel32-sys 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "winapi 0.2.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "strsim"
-version = "0.6.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-
-[[package]]
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-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-dependencies = [
- "kernel32-sys 0.2.2 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "libc 0.2.22 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "winapi 0.2.8 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
-]
-
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-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-dependencies = [
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- "libc 0.2.22 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
-]
-
-[[package]]
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-version = "0.3.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-dependencies = [
- "thread-id 3.0.0 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
- "unreachable 0.1.1 (registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index)",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "unicode-segmentation"
 version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "libc"
+version = "0.2.48"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+
+[[package]]
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Cargo.toml

@@ -1,11 +1,61 @@
 [package]
-name = "fd"
-version = "2.0.0"
 authors = ["David Peter <mail@david-peter.de>"]
+build = "build.rs"
+categories = ["command-line-utilities"]
+description = "fd is a simple, fast and user-friendly alternative to find."
+exclude = ["/benchmarks/*"]
+homepage = "https://github.com/sharkdp/fd"
+keywords = [
+    "search",
+    "find",
+    "file",
+    "filesystem",
+    "tool",
+]
+license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
+name = "fd-find"
+readme = "README.md"
+repository = "https://github.com/sharkdp/fd"
+version = "7.3.0"
+edition= "2018"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "fd"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+[badges.appveyor]
+repository = "sharkdp/fd"
+
+[badges.travis-ci]
+repository = "sharkdp/fd"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+clap = "2.31.2"
+version_check = "0.1.3"
 
 [dependencies]
-ansi_term = "0.9"
+ansi_term = "0.11"
-clap = "2.24.2"
 atty = "0.2"
-regex = "0.2"
+ignore = "0.4.3"
-ignore = "0.2"
+lazy_static = "1.1.0"
+num_cpus = "1.8"
+regex = "1.0.0"
+regex-syntax = "0.6"
+ctrlc = "3.1"
+humantime = "1.1.1"
+lscolors = "0.5"
+
+[dependencies.clap]
+version = "2.31.2"
+features = ["suggestions", "color", "wrap_help"]
+
+[target.'cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "redox")))'.dependencies]
+libc = "0.2"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+diff = "0.1"
+tempdir = "0.3"
+filetime = "0.2.1"
+
+[profile.release]
+lto = true
+codegen-units = 1

LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2017 David Peter
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

LICENSE-APACHE

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                              Apache License
+                        Version 2.0, January 2004
+                     http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
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+   may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+   for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+   for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+   reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+   the conditions stated in this License.
+
+5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+   any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+   by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+   this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+   Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+   the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+   with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+   names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+   except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+   origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+   agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+   Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+   implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+   of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+   PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+   appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+   risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+   whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+   unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+   negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+   liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+   incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+   result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+   Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+   work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+   other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+   has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+   the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+   and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+   or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+   License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+   on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+   of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+   defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+   incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+   of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+   To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+   boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+   replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+   the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+   comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+   file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+   same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
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+
+Copyright 2017 fd developers
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.

LICENSE-MIT

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+Software without restriction, including without
+limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 # fd
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/sharkdp/fd.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/sharkdp/fd)
+[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/21c4p5fwggc5gy3j?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/sharkdp/fd)
+[![Version info](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/fd-find.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/fd-find)
+[中文](https://github.com/chinanf-boy/fd-zh)
 
 *fd* is a simple, fast and user-friendly alternative to
 [*find*](https://www.gnu.org/software/findutils/).
@@ -9,20 +12,80 @@ While it does not seek to mirror all of *find*'s powerful functionality, it prov
 
 ## Features
 * Convenient syntax: `fd PATTERN` instead of `find -iname '*PATTERN*'`.
+* Colorized terminal output (similar to *ls*).
+* It's *fast* (see [benchmarks](#benchmark) below).
 * Smart case: the search is case-insensitive by default. It switches to
   case-sensitive if the pattern contains an uppercase
   character[\*](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/options.html#'smartcase').
-* Colorized terminal output (similar to *ls*).
 * Ignores hidden directories and files, by default.
 * Ignores patterns from your `.gitignore`, by default.
 * Regular expressions.
 * Unicode-awareness.
 * The command name is *50%* shorter[\*](https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher) than
   `find` :-).
+* Parallel command execution with a syntax similar to GNU Parallel.
 
 ## Demo
 
-![Demo](http://i.imgur.com/iU6qkQj.gif)
+![Demo](doc/screencast.svg)
+
+## Benchmark
+
+Let's search my home folder for files that end in `[0-9].jpg`. It contains ~190.000
+subdirectories and about a million files. For averaging and statistical analysis, I'm using
+[hyperfine](https://github.com/sharkdp/hyperfine). The following benchmarks are performed
+with a "warm"/pre-filled disk-cache (results for a "cold" disk-cache show the same trends).
+
+Let's start with `find`:
+```
+Benchmark #1: find ~ -iregex '.*[0-9]\.jpg$'
+
+  Time (mean ± σ):      7.236 s ±  0.090 s
+ 
+  Range (min … max):    7.133 s …  7.385 s
+```
+
+`find` is much faster if it does not need to perform a regular-expression search:
+```
+Benchmark #2: find ~ -iname '*[0-9].jpg'
+
+  Time (mean ± σ):      3.914 s ±  0.027 s
+ 
+  Range (min … max):    3.876 s …  3.964 s
+```
+
+Now let's try the same for `fd`. Note that `fd` *always* performs a regular expression
+search. The options `--hidden` and `--no-ignore` are needed for a fair comparison,
+otherwise `fd` does not have to traverse hidden folders and ignored paths (see below):
+```
+Benchmark #3: fd -HI '.*[0-9]\.jpg$' ~
+
+  Time (mean ± σ):     811.6 ms ±  26.9 ms
+ 
+  Range (min … max):   786.0 ms … 870.7 ms
+```
+For this particular example, `fd` is approximately nine times faster than `find -iregex`
+and about five times faster than `find -iname`. By the way, both tools found the exact
+same 20880 files :smile:.
+
+Finally, let's run `fd` without `--hidden` and `--no-ignore` (this can lead to different
+search results, of course). If *fd* does not have to traverse the hidden and git-ignored
+folders, it is almost an order of magnitude faster:
+```
+Benchmark #4: fd '[0-9]\.jpg$' ~
+
+  Time (mean ± σ):     123.7 ms ±   6.0 ms
+ 
+  Range (min … max):   118.8 ms … 140.0 ms
+```
+
+**Note**: This is *one particular* benchmark on *one particular* machine. While I have
+performed quite a lot of different tests (and found consistent results), things might
+be different for you! I encourage everyone to try it out on their own. See 
+[this repository](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd-benchmarks) for all necessary scripts.
+
+Concerning *fd*'s speed, the main credit goes to the `regex` and `ignore` crates that are also used
+in [ripgrep](https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep) (check it out!).
 
 ## Colorized output
 `fd` can colorize files by extension, just like `ls`. In order for this to work, the environment
@@ -34,40 +97,401 @@ complete (and more colorful) variants, see
 [here](https://github.com/seebi/dircolors-solarized) or
 [here](https://github.com/trapd00r/LS_COLORS).
 
-## Benchmark
+## Parallel command execution
-A search in my home folder with ~150.000 subdirectories and ~1M files. The given options for
+If the `-x`/`--exec` option is specified alongside a command template, a job pool will be created
-`fd` are needed for a fair comparison (otherwise `fd` is even faster by a factor of 5 because it
+for executing commands in parallel for each discovered path as the input. The syntax for generating
-does not have to search hidden and ignored paths):
+commands is similar to that of GNU Parallel:
-```
-benchmarking bench/fd --hidden --no-ignore --full-path '.*[0-9]\.jpg$' ~
-time                 2.800 s    (2.722 s .. 2.895 s)
-                     1.000 R²   (1.000 R² .. 1.000 R²)
-mean                 2.821 s    (2.810 s .. 2.831 s)
-std dev              16.52 ms   (0.0 s .. 17.02 ms)
-variance introduced by outliers: 19% (moderately inflated)
 
-benchmarking bench/find ~ -iregex '.*[0-9]\.jpg$'
+- `{}`: A placeholder token that will be replaced with the path of the search result
-time                 5.593 s    (5.412 s .. 5.798 s)
+  (`documents/images/party.jpg`).
-                     1.000 R²   (0.999 R² .. 1.000 R²)
+- `{.}`: Like `{}`, but without the file extension (`documents/images/party`).
-mean                 5.542 s    (5.502 s .. 5.567 s)
+- `{/}`: A placeholder that will be replaced by the basename of the search result (`party.jpg`).
-std dev              37.32 ms   (0.0 s .. 42.77 ms)
+- `{//}`: Uses the parent of the discovered path (`documents/images`).
-variance introduced by outliers: 19% (moderately inflated)
+- `{/.}`: Uses the basename, with the extension removed (`party`).
-```
-(benchmarking tool: [bench](https://github.com/Gabriel439/bench))
 
-Both tools found the exact same 14030 files. Note that we have used the `-iregex` option for `find`
+``` bash
-in order for both tools to perform a regular expression search. Both tools are comparably fast if
+# Convert all jpg files to png files:
-`-iname '*[0-9].jpg'` is used for `find`.
+fd -e jpg -x convert {} {.}.png
 
-## Install
+# Unpack all zip files (if no placeholder is given, the path is appended):
-With [cargo](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo), you can clone, build and install *fd* with a single command:
+fd -e zip -x unzip
+
+# Convert all flac files into opus files:
+fd -e flac -x ffmpeg -i {} -c:a libopus {.}.opus
+
+# Count the number of lines in Rust files (the command template can be terminated with ';'):
+fd -x wc -l \; -e rs
 ```
-cargo install --git https://github.com/sharkdp/fd
+
+## Installation
+
+### On Ubuntu
+*... and other Debian-based Linux distributions.*
+
+Download the latest `.deb` package from the [release page](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd/releases) and install it via:
+``` bash
+sudo dpkg -i fd_7.3.0_amd64.deb  # adapt version number and architecture
 ```
-Note that rust version *1.16.0* or later is required.
+
-The release page of this repository also includes precompiled binaries for Linux.
+Note: `fd` will be officially available in Ubuntu Disco Dingo (19.04).
+
+### On Debian
+
+If you run Debian Buster or newer, you can install the
+[officially maintained Debian package](https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/rust-fd-find):
+```
+sudo apt-get install fd-find
+```
+Note that the binary is called `fdfind` as the binary name `fd` is already used by another package.
+It is recommended that you add an `alias fd=fdfind` to your shells initialization file, in order to
+use `fd` in the same way as in this documentation.
+
+### On Fedora
+
+Starting with Fedora 28, you can install `fd` from the official package sources:
+``` bash
+dnf install fd-find
+```
+
+For older versions, you can use this [Fedora copr](https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/keefle/fd/) to install `fd`:
+``` bash
+dnf copr enable keefle/fd
+dnf install fd
+```
+
+### On Arch Linux
+
+You can install [the fd package](https://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/x86_64/fd/) from the official repos:
+```
+pacman -S fd
+```
+### On Gentoo Linux
+
+You can use [the fd ebuild](https://packages.gentoo.org/packages/sys-apps/fd) from the official repo:
+```
+emerge -av fd
+```
+
+### On openSUSE Linux
+
+You can install [the fd package](https://software.opensuse.org/package/fd) from the official repo:
+```
+zypper in fd
+```
+
+### On Void Linux
+
+You can install `fd` via xbps-install:
+```
+xbps-install -S fd
+```
+
+### On macOS
+
+You can install `fd` with [Homebrew](http://braumeister.org/formula/fd):
+```
+brew install fd
+```
+
+… or with MacPorts:
+```
+sudo port install fd
+```
+
+### On Windows
+
+You can download pre-built binaries from the [release page](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd/releases).
+
+Alternatively, you can install `fd` via [Scoop](http://scoop.sh):
+```
+scoop install fd
+```
+
+Or via [Chocolatey](https://chocolatey.org):
+```
+choco install fd
+```
+
+### On NixOS / via Nix
+
+You can use the [Nix package manager](https://nixos.org/nix/) to install `fd`:
+```
+nix-env -i fd
+```
+
+### On FreeBSD
+
+You can install `sysutils/fd` via portmaster:
+```
+portmaster sysutils/fd
+```
+
+### From source
+
+With Rust's package manager [cargo](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo), you can install *fd* via:
+```
+cargo install fd-find
+```
+Note that rust version *1.31.0* or later is required.
+
+### From binaries
+
+The [release page](https://github.com/sharkdp/fd/releases) includes precompiled binaries for Linux, macOS and Windows.
 
 ## Development
 ```bash
-cargo build --release
+git clone https://github.com/sharkdp/fd
+
+# Build
+cd fd
+cargo build
+
+# Run unit tests and integration tests
+cargo test
+
+# Install
+cargo install
 ```
+
+## Command-line options
+```
+USAGE:
+    fd [FLAGS/OPTIONS] [<pattern>] [<path>...]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -H, --hidden            Search hidden files and directories
+    -I, --no-ignore         Do not respect .(git|fd)ignore files
+        --no-ignore-vcs     Do not respect .gitignore files
+    -s, --case-sensitive    Case-sensitive search (default: smart case)
+    -i, --ignore-case       Case-insensitive search (default: smart case)
+    -F, --fixed-strings     Treat the pattern as a literal string
+    -a, --absolute-path     Show absolute instead of relative paths
+    -L, --follow            Follow symbolic links
+    -p, --full-path         Search full path (default: file-/dirname only)
+    -0, --print0            Separate results by the null character
+    -h, --help              Prints help information
+    -V, --version           Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -d, --max-depth <depth>            Set maximum search depth (default: none)
+    -t, --type <filetype>...           Filter by type: file (f), directory (d), symlink (l),
+                                       executable (x), empty (e)
+    -e, --extension <ext>...           Filter by file extension
+    -x, --exec <cmd>                   Execute a command for each search result
+    -X, --exec-batch <cmd>             Execute a command with all search results at once
+    -E, --exclude <pattern>...         Exclude entries that match the given glob pattern
+    -c, --color <when>                 When to use colors: never, *auto*, always
+    -S, --size <size>...               Limit results based on the size of files.
+        --changed-within <date|dur>    Filter by file modification time (newer than)
+        --changed-before <date|dur>    Filter by file modification time (older than)
+
+ARGS:
+    <pattern>    the search pattern, a regular expression (optional)
+    <path>...    the root directory for the filesystem search (optional)
+```
+
+This is the output of `fd -h`. To see the full set of command-line options, use `fd --help` which
+also includes a much more detailed help text.
+
+## Tutorial
+
+First, to get an overview of all available command line options, you can either run
+`fd -h` for a concise help message (see above) or `fd --help` for a more detailed
+version.
+
+### Simple search
+
+*fd* is designed to find entries in your filesystem. The most basic search you can perform is to
+run *fd* with a single argument: the search pattern. For example, assume that you want to find an
+old script of yours (the name included `netflix`):
+``` bash
+> fd netfl
+Software/python/imdb-ratings/netflix-details.py
+```
+If called with just a single argument like this, *fd* searches the current directory recursively
+for any entries that *contain* the pattern `netfl`.
+
+### Regular expression search
+
+The search pattern is treated as a regular expression. Here, we search for entries that start
+with `x` and end with `rc`:
+``` bash
+> cd /etc
+> fd '^x.*rc$'
+X11/xinit/xinitrc
+X11/xinit/xserverrc
+```
+
+### Specifying the root directory
+
+If we want to search a specific directory, it can be given as a second argument to *fd*:
+``` bash
+> fd passwd /etc
+/etc/default/passwd
+/etc/pam.d/passwd
+/etc/passwd
+```
+
+### Running *fd* without any arguments
+
+*fd* can be called with no arguments. This is very useful to get a quick overview of all entries
+in the current directory, recursively (similar to `ls -R`):
+``` bash
+> cd fd/tests
+> fd
+testenv
+testenv/mod.rs
+tests.rs
+```
+
+If you want to use this functionality to list all files in a given directory, you have to use
+a catch-all pattern such as `.` or `^`:
+``` bash
+> fd . fd/tests/
+testenv
+testenv/mod.rs
+tests.rs
+```
+
+### Searching for a particular file extension
+
+Often, we are interested in all files of a particular type. This can be done with the `-e` (or
+`--extension`) option. Here, we search for all Markdown files in the fd repository:
+``` bash
+> cd fd
+> fd -e md
+CONTRIBUTING.md
+README.md
+```
+
+The `-e` option can be used in combination with a search pattern:
+``` bash
+> fd -e rs mod
+src/fshelper/mod.rs
+src/lscolors/mod.rs
+tests/testenv/mod.rs
+```
+
+### Hidden and ignored files
+By default, *fd* does not search hidden directories and does not show hidden files in the
+search results. To disable this behavior, we can use the `-H` (or `--hidden`) option:
+``` bash
+> fd pre-commit
+> fd -H pre-commit
+.git/hooks/pre-commit.sample
+```
+
+If we work in a directory that is a Git repository (or includes Git repositories), *fd* does not
+search folders (and does not show files) that match one of the `.gitignore` patterns. To disable
+this behavior, we can use the `-I` (or `--no-ignore`) option:
+``` bash
+> fd num_cpu
+> fd -I num_cpu
+target/debug/deps/libnum_cpus-f5ce7ef99006aa05.rlib
+```
+
+To really search *all* files and directories, simply combine the hidden and ignore features to show
+everything (`-HI`).
+
+### Excluding specific files or directories
+
+Sometimes we want to ignore search results from a specific subdirectory. For example, we might
+want to search all hidden files and directories (`-H`) but exclude all matches from `.git`
+directories. We can use the `-E` (or `--exclude`) option for this. It takes an arbitrary glob
+pattern as an argument:
+``` bash
+> fd -H -E .git …
+```
+
+We can also use this to skip mounted directories:
+``` bash
+> fd -E /mnt/external-drive …
+```
+
+.. or to skip certain file types:
+``` bash
+> fd -E '*.bak' …
+```
+
+To make exclude-patterns like these permanent, you can create a `.fdignore` file. They work like
+`.gitignore` files, but are specific to `fd`. For example:
+``` bash
+> cat ~/.fdignore
+/mnt/external-drive
+*.bak
+```
+Note: `fd` also supports `.ignore` files that are used by other programs such as `rg` or `ag`.
+
+### Using fd with `xargs` or `parallel`
+
+If we want to run a command on all search results, we can pipe the output to `xargs`:
+``` bash
+> fd -0 -e rs | xargs -0 wc -l
+```
+Here, the `-0` option tells *fd* to separate search results by the NULL character (instead of
+newlines). In the same way, the `-0` option of `xargs` tells it to read the input in this way.
+
+### Troubleshooting
+
+#### `fd` does not find my file!
+
+Remember that `fd` ignores hidden directories and files by default. It also ignores patterns
+from `.gitignore` files. If you want to make sure to find absolutely every possible file, always
+use the options `-H` and `-I` to disable these two features:
+``` bash
+> fd -HI …
+```
+
+#### `fd` doesn't seem to interpret my regex pattern correctly
+
+A lot of special regex characters (like `[]`, `^`, `$`, ..) are also special characters in your
+shell. If in doubt, always make sure to put single quotes around the regex pattern:
+
+``` bash
+> fd '^[A-Z][0-9]+$'
+```
+
+If your pattern starts with a dash, you have to add `--` to signal the end of command line
+options. Otherwise, the pattern will be interpreted as a command-line option. Alternatively,
+use a character class with a single hyphen character:
+
+``` bash
+> fd -- '-pattern'
+> fd '[-]pattern'
+```
+
+### Integration with other programs
+
+#### Using fd with `fzf`
+
+You can use *fd* to generate input for the command-line fuzzy finder [fzf](https://github.com/junegunn/fzf):
+``` bash
+export FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND='fd --type file'
+export FZF_CTRL_T_COMMAND="$FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND"
+```
+
+Then, you can type `vim <Ctrl-T>` on your terminal to open fzf and search through the fd-results.
+
+Alternatively, you might like to follow symbolic links and include hidden files (but exclude `.git` folders):
+``` bash
+export FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND='fd --type file --follow --hidden --exclude .git'
+```
+
+You can even use fd's colored output inside fzf by setting:
+``` bash
+export FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND="fd --type file --color=always"
+export FZF_DEFAULT_OPTS="--ansi"
+```
+
+For more details, see the [Tips section](https://github.com/junegunn/fzf#tips) of the fzf README.
+
+#### Using fd with `emacs`
+
+The emacs package [find-file-in-project](https://github.com/technomancy/find-file-in-project) can
+use *fd* to find files.
+
+After installing `find-file-in-project`, add the line `(setq ffip-use-rust-fd t)` to your
+`~/.emacs` or `~/.emacs.d/init.el` file.
+
+In emacs, run `M-x find-file-in-project-by-selected` to find matching files. Alternatively, run
+`M-x find-file-in-project` to list all available files in the project.

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Source: https://github.com/starkat99/appveyor-rust/
+
+environment:
+  global:
+    PROJECT_NAME: fd
+  matrix:
+    # Stable channel
+    - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-gnu
+      CHANNEL: stable
+    - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-msvc
+      CHANNEL: stable
+    - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
+      CHANNEL: stable
+    - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+      CHANNEL: stable
+    # Beta channel (disabled for speed reasons)
+    #- TARGET: i686-pc-windows-gnu
+    #  CHANNEL: beta
+    #- TARGET: i686-pc-windows-msvc
+    #  CHANNEL: beta
+    #- TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
+    #  CHANNEL: beta
+    #- TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+    #  CHANNEL: beta
+    # Nightly channel (disabled for speed reasons)
+    #- TARGET: i686-pc-windows-gnu
+    #  CHANNEL: nightly
+    #- TARGET: i686-pc-windows-msvc
+    #  CHANNEL: nightly
+    #- TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
+    #  CHANNEL: nightly
+    #- TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+    #  CHANNEL: nightly
+
+# Install Rust and Cargo
+# (Based on from https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/blob/master/appveyor.yml)
+install:
+  - curl -sSf -o rustup-init.exe https://win.rustup.rs
+  - rustup-init.exe --default-host %TARGET% --default-toolchain %CHANNEL% -y
+  - set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Users\appveyor\.cargo\bin
+  - rustc -Vv
+  - cargo -V
+
+# 'cargo test' takes care of building for us, so disable Appveyor's build stage. This prevents
+# the "directory does not contain a project or solution file" error.
+# source: https://github.com/starkat99/appveyor-rust/blob/master/appveyor.yml#L113
+build: false
+
+# Equivalent to Travis' `script` phase
+test_script:
+  - cargo build --verbose
+  - cargo run
+  - cargo test
+
+before_deploy:
+  # Generate artifacts for release
+  - cargo build --release
+  - mkdir staging
+  - copy target\release\fd.exe staging
+  - ps: copy target\release\build\fd-find*\out\_fd.ps1 staging
+  - cd staging
+    # release zipfile will look like 'rust-everywhere-v1.2.3-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
+  - 7z a ../%PROJECT_NAME%-%APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME%-%TARGET%.zip *
+  - appveyor PushArtifact ../%PROJECT_NAME%-%APPVEYOR_REPO_TAG_NAME%-%TARGET%.zip
+
+deploy:
+  description: 'Windows release'
+  # All the zipped artifacts will be deployed
+  artifact: /.*\.zip/
+  # Here's how:
+  # - Go to 'https://github.com/settings/tokens/new' and generate a Token with only the
+  # `public_repo` scope enabled
+  # - Then go to 'https://ci.appveyor.com/tools/encrypt' and enter the newly generated token.
+  # - Enter the "encrypted value" below
+  auth_token:
+    secure: mWJ8ieZdGEgHf232fdMyzb9T1rKbkJivYbp/REMo8ax3X5vkQJDHhFjWeuWA3wIC
+  provider: GitHub
+  # deploy when a new tag is pushed and only on the stable channel
+  on:
+    # channel to use to produce the release artifacts
+    CHANNEL: stable
+    appveyor_repo_tag: true
+
+branches:
+  only:
+    - master
+    # IMPORTANT Regex to match tags. Required, or appveyor may not trigger deploys when a new tag
+    # is pushed. This regex matches semantic versions like v1.2.3-rc4+2016.02.22
+    - /^v\d+\.\d+\.\d+.*$/
+
+# Disable caching, for now
+#cache:
+#  - '%USERPROFILE%\.cargo'
+#  - 'target -> Cargo.lock'

build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
+use clap::Shell;
+use std::fs;
+use std::io::{self, Write};
+use std::process::exit;
+
+include!("src/app.rs");
+
+fn main() {
+    match version_check::is_min_version("1.31") {
+        Some((true, _)) => {}
+        // rustc version too small or can't figure it out
+        _ => {
+            writeln!(&mut io::stderr(), "'fd' requires rustc >= 1.31").unwrap();
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let var = std::env::var_os("SHELL_COMPLETIONS_DIR").or(std::env::var_os("OUT_DIR"));
+    let outdir = match var {
+        None => return,
+        Some(outdir) => outdir,
+    };
+    fs::create_dir_all(&outdir).unwrap();
+
+    let mut app = build_app();
+    app.gen_completions("fd", Shell::Bash, &outdir);
+    app.gen_completions("fd", Shell::Fish, &outdir);
+    app.gen_completions("fd", Shell::Zsh, &outdir);
+    app.gen_completions("fd", Shell::PowerShell, &outdir);
+}

ci/.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* linguist-vendored

ci/before_deploy.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Building and packaging for release
+
+set -ex
+
+build() {
+    cargo build --target "$TARGET" --release --verbose
+}
+
+pack() {
+    local tempdir
+    local out_dir
+    local package_name
+    local gcc_prefix
+
+    tempdir=$(mktemp -d 2>/dev/null || mktemp -d -t tmp)
+    out_dir=$(pwd)
+    package_name="$PROJECT_NAME-$TRAVIS_TAG-$TARGET"
+
+    if [[ $TARGET == arm-unknown-linux-* ]]; then
+        gcc_prefix="arm-linux-gnueabihf-"
+    else
+        gcc_prefix=""
+    fi
+
+    # create a "staging" directory
+    mkdir "$tempdir/$package_name"
+    mkdir "$tempdir/$package_name/autocomplete"
+
+    # copying the main binary
+    cp "target/$TARGET/release/$PROJECT_NAME" "$tempdir/$package_name/"
+    "${gcc_prefix}"strip "$tempdir/$package_name/$PROJECT_NAME"
+
+    # manpage, readme and license
+    cp "doc/$PROJECT_NAME.1" "$tempdir/$package_name"
+    cp README.md "$tempdir/$package_name"
+    cp LICENSE-MIT "$tempdir/$package_name"
+    cp LICENSE-APACHE "$tempdir/$package_name"
+
+    # various autocomplete
+    cp target/"$TARGET"/release/build/"$PROJECT_NAME"-*/out/"$PROJECT_NAME".bash "$tempdir/$package_name/autocomplete/${PROJECT_NAME}.bash-completion"
+    cp target/"$TARGET"/release/build/"$PROJECT_NAME"-*/out/"$PROJECT_NAME".fish "$tempdir/$package_name/autocomplete"
+    cp target/"$TARGET"/release/build/"$PROJECT_NAME"-*/out/_"$PROJECT_NAME" "$tempdir/$package_name/autocomplete"
+
+    # archiving
+    pushd "$tempdir"
+    tar czf "$out_dir/$package_name.tar.gz" "$package_name"/*
+    popd
+    rm -r "$tempdir"
+}
+
+make_deb() {
+    local tempdir
+    local architecture
+    local version
+    local dpkgname
+    local conflictname
+
+    case $TARGET in
+        x86_64*)
+            architecture=amd64
+            ;;
+        i686*)
+            architecture=i386
+            ;;
+        *)
+            echo "make_deb: skipping target '${TARGET}'" >&2
+            return 0
+            ;;
+    esac
+    version=${TRAVIS_TAG#v}
+    if [[ $TARGET = *musl* ]]; then
+      dpkgname=$PROJECT_NAME-musl
+      conflictname=$PROJECT_NAME
+    else
+      dpkgname=$PROJECT_NAME
+      conflictname=$PROJECT_NAME-musl
+    fi
+
+    tempdir=$(mktemp -d 2>/dev/null || mktemp -d -t tmp)
+
+    # copy the main binary
+    install -Dm755 "target/$TARGET/release/$PROJECT_NAME" "$tempdir/usr/bin/$PROJECT_NAME"
+    strip "$tempdir/usr/bin/$PROJECT_NAME"
+
+    # manpage
+    install -Dm644 "doc/$PROJECT_NAME.1" "$tempdir/usr/share/man/man1/$PROJECT_NAME.1"
+    gzip --best "$tempdir/usr/share/man/man1/$PROJECT_NAME.1"
+
+    # readme and license
+    install -Dm644 README.md "$tempdir/usr/share/doc/$PROJECT_NAME/README.md"
+    install -Dm644 LICENSE-MIT "$tempdir/usr/share/doc/$PROJECT_NAME/LICENSE-MIT"
+    install -Dm644 LICENSE-APACHE "$tempdir/usr/share/doc/$PROJECT_NAME/LICENSE-APACHE"
+
+    # completions
+    install -Dm644 target/$TARGET/release/build/$PROJECT_NAME-*/out/$PROJECT_NAME.bash "$tempdir/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/${PROJECT_NAME}"
+    install -Dm644 target/$TARGET/release/build/$PROJECT_NAME-*/out/$PROJECT_NAME.fish "$tempdir/usr/share/fish/completions/$PROJECT_NAME.fish"
+    install -Dm644 target/$TARGET/release/build/$PROJECT_NAME-*/out/_$PROJECT_NAME "$tempdir/usr/share/zsh/vendor-completions/_$PROJECT_NAME"
+
+    # Control file
+    mkdir "$tempdir/DEBIAN"
+    cat > "$tempdir/DEBIAN/control" <<EOF
+Package: $dpkgname
+Version: $version
+Section: utils
+Priority: optional
+Maintainer: David Peter <mail@david-peter.de>
+Architecture: $architecture
+Provides: $PROJECT_NAME
+Conflicts: $conflictname
+Description: Simple, fast and user-friendly alternative to find
+ While fd does not seek to mirror all of find's powerful functionality, it
+ provides sensible (opinionated) defaults for 80% of the use cases.
+EOF
+
+    fakeroot dpkg-deb --build "$tempdir" "${dpkgname}_${version}_${architecture}.deb"
+}
+
+
+main() {
+    build
+    pack
+    if [[ $TARGET = *linux* ]]; then
+      make_deb
+    fi
+}
+
+main

ci/before_install.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -ex
+
+if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" != linux ]; then
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+sudo apt-get update
+
+# needed to build deb packages
+sudo apt-get install -y fakeroot
+
+# needed for i686 linux gnu target
+if [[ $TARGET == i686-unknown-linux-gnu ]]; then
+    sudo apt-get install -y gcc-multilib
+fi
+
+# needed for cross-compiling for arm
+if [[ $TARGET == arm-unknown-linux-* ]]; then
+    sudo apt-get install -y \
+        gcc-4.8-arm-linux-gnueabihf \
+        binutils-arm-linux-gnueabihf \
+        libc6-armhf-cross \
+        libc6-dev-armhf-cross
+fi

ci/script.bash

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -ex
+
+# Incorporate TARGET env var to the build and test process
+cargo build --target "$TARGET" --verbose
+
+# We cannot run arm executables on linux
+if [[ $TARGET != arm-unknown-linux-* ]]; then
+    cargo test --target "$TARGET" --verbose
+fi

doc/.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* linguist-vendored

doc/fd.1

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+.TH FD 1
+.SH NAME
+fd \- find entries in the filesystem
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B fd
+.RB [ \-HIEsiaLp0hV ]
+.RB [ \-d
+.IR depth ]
+.RB [ \-t
+.IR filetype ]
+.RB [ \-e
+.IR ext ]
+.RB [ \-E
+.IR exclude ]
+.RB [ \-c
+.IR when ]
+.RB [ \-j
+.IR num ]
+.RB [ \-x
+.IR cmd ]
+.RI [ pattern ]
+.RI [ path... ]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B fd
+is a simple, fast and user-friendly alternative to
+.BR find (1).
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-H, \-\-hidden
+Include hidden files and directories in the search results
+(default: hidden files and directories are skipped).
+.TP
+.B \-I, \-\-no\-ignore
+Show search results from files and directories that would otherwise be ignored by
+.IR .gitignore ,
+.I .ignore
+or
+.I .fdignore
+files.
+.TP
+.B \-\-no\-ignore\-vcs
+Show search results from files and directories that would otherwise be ignored by
+.I .gitignore
+files.
+.TP
+.B \-s, \-\-case\-sensitive
+Perform a case-sensitive search. By default, fd uses case-insensitive searches, unless the
+pattern contains an uppercase character (smart case).
+.TP
+.B \-i, \-\-ignore\-case
+Perform a case-insensitive search. By default, fd uses case-insensitive searches, unless the
+pattern contains an uppercase character (smart case).
+.TP
+.B \-F, \-\-fixed\-strings
+Treat the pattern as a literal string instead of a regular expression.
+.TP
+.B \-a, \-\-absolute\-path
+Shows the full path starting from the root as opposed to relative paths.
+.TP
+.B \-L, \-\-follow
+By default, fd does not descend into symlinked directories. Using this flag, symbolic links are
+also traversed.
+.TP
+.B \-p, \-\-full\-path
+By default, the search pattern is only matched against the filename (or directory name). Using
+this flag, the
+.I pattern
+is matched against the full path.
+.TP
+.B \-0, \-\-print0
+Separate search results by the null character (instead of newlines). Useful for piping results to
+.IR xargs .
+.TP
+.B \-\-show-errors
+Enable the display of filesystem errors for situations such as insufficient
+permissions or dead symlinks.
+.TP
+.B \-h, \-\-help
+Print help information.
+.TP
+.B \-V, \-\-version
+Print version information.
+.TP
+.BI "\-d, \-\-max\-depth " d
+Limit directory traversal to at most
+.I d
+levels of depth. By default, there is no limit on the search depth.
+.TP
+.BI "\-t, \-\-type " filetype
+Filter search by type:
+.RS
+.IP "f, file"
+regular files
+.IP "d, directories"
+directories
+.IP "l, symlink"
+symbolic links
+.IP "x, executable"
+executable (files)
+.IP "e, empty"
+empty files or directories
+.RE
+
+.RS
+This option can be used repeatedly to allow for multiple file types.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BI "\-e, \-\-extension " ext
+Filter search results by file extension
+.IR ext .
+This option can be used repeatedly to allow for multiple possible file extensions.
+.TP
+.BI "\-E, \-\-exclude " pattern
+Exclude files/directories that match the given glob pattern.
+This overrides any other ignore logic.
+Multiple exclude patterns can be specified.
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-ignore-file " path
+Add a custom ignore-file in '.gitignore' format.
+These files have a low precedence.
+.TP
+.BI "\-c, \-\-color " when
+Declare
+.I when
+to colorize search results:
+.RS
+.IP auto
+Colorize output when standard output is connected to terminal (default).
+.IP never
+Do not colorize output.
+.IP always
+Always colorize output.
+.RE
+.TP
+.BI "\-j, \-\-threads " num
+Number of threads to use for searching (default: number of available CPUs).
+.TP
+.BI "\-S, \-\-size " size
+Limit results based on the size of files using the format
+.I <+-><NUM><UNIT>
+.RS
+.IP '+'
+file size must be greater than or equal to this
+.IP '-'
+file size must be less than or equal to this
+.IP 'NUM'
+The numeric size (e.g. 500)
+.IP 'UNIT'
+The units for NUM. They are not case-sensitive.
+Allowed unit values:
+.RS
+.IP 'b'
+bytes
+.IP 'k'
+kilobytes
+.IP 'm'
+megabytes
+.IP 'g'
+gigabytes
+.IP 't'
+terabytes
+.IP 'ki'
+kibibytes
+.IP 'mi'
+mebibytes
+.IP 'gi'
+gibibytes
+.IP 'ti'
+tebibytes
+.RE
+.RE
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-changed-within " date|duration
+Filter results based on the file modification time. The argument can be provided as a specific
+point in time (\fIYYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS\fR) or as a duration (\fI10h, 1d, 35min\fR).
+.B --change-newer-than
+can be used as an alias.
+
+Examples:
+  \-\-changed-within 2weeks
+  \-\-change-newer-than "2018-10-27 10:00:00"
+.TP
+.BI "\-\-changed-before " date|duration
+Filter results based on the file modification time. The argument can be provided as a specific
+point in time (\fIYYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS\fR) or as a duration (\fI10h, 1d, 35min\fR).
+.B --change-older-than
+can be used as an alias.
+
+Examples:
+  \-\-changed-before "2018-10-27 10:00:00"
+  \-\-change-older-than 2weeks
+.TP
+.BI "\-x, \-\-exec " command
+Execute
+.I command
+for each search result. The following placeholders are substituted by a path derived from the current search result:
+.RS
+.IP {}
+path
+.IP {/}
+basename
+.IP {//}
+parent directory
+.IP {.}
+path without file extension
+.IP {/.}
+basename without file extension
+.RE
+.TP
+.BI "\-X, \-\-exec-batch " command
+Execute
+.I command
+with all search results at once.
+A single occurence of the following placeholders is authorized and substituted by the paths derived from the search results before the command is executed:
+.RS
+.IP {}
+path
+.IP {/}
+basename
+.IP {//}
+parent directory
+.IP {.}
+path without file extension
+.IP {/.}
+basename without file extension
+.RE
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+.TP
+.B LS_COLORS
+Determines how to colorize search results, see
+.BR dircolors (1) .
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.TP
+.RI "Find files and directories that match the pattern '" needle "':"
+$ fd needle
+.TP
+.RI "Start a search in a given directory (" /var/log "):"
+$ fd nginx /var/log
+.TP
+.RI "Find all Python files (all files with the extention " .py ") in the current directory:"
+$ fd -e py
+.TP
+.RI "Open all search results with vim:"
+$ fd pattern -X vim
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR find (1)

doc/screencast.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Designed to be executed via svg-term from the fd root directory:
+# svg-term --command="bash doc/screencast.sh" --out doc/screencast.svg --padding=10
+set -e
+set -u
+
+PROMPT="▶"
+
+enter() {
+    INPUT=$1
+    DELAY=1
+
+    prompt
+    sleep "$DELAY"
+    type "$INPUT"
+    sleep 0.5
+    printf '%b' "\\n"
+    eval "$INPUT"
+    type "\\n"
+}
+
+prompt() {
+  printf '%b ' $PROMPT | pv -q
+}
+
+type() {
+    printf '%b' "$1" | pv -qL $((10+(-2 + RANDOM%5)))
+}
+
+main() {
+    IFS='%'
+
+    enter "fd"
+
+    enter "fd app"
+
+    enter "fd sh"
+
+    enter "fd sh --type f"
+
+    enter "fd -e md"
+
+    enter "fd -e md --exec wc -l"
+
+    enter "fd '^[A-Z]'"
+
+    enter "fd --exclude src"
+
+    enter "fd --hidden sample"
+
+    prompt
+
+    sleep 3
+
+    echo ""
+
+    unset IFS
+}
+
+main

src/app.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use clap::{crate_version, App, AppSettings, Arg};
+
+struct Help {
+    short: &'static str,
+    long: &'static str,
+}
+
+macro_rules! doc {
+    ($map:expr, $name:expr, $short:expr) => {
+        doc!($map, $name, $short, $short)
+    };
+    ($map:expr, $name:expr, $short:expr, $long:expr) => {
+        $map.insert(
+            $name,
+            Help {
+                short: $short,
+                long: concat!($long, "\n "),
+            },
+        );
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn build_app() -> App<'static, 'static> {
+    let helps = usage();
+    let arg = |name| {
+        Arg::with_name(name)
+            .help(helps[name].short)
+            .long_help(helps[name].long)
+    };
+
+    App::new("fd")
+        .version(crate_version!())
+        .usage("fd [FLAGS/OPTIONS] [<pattern>] [<path>...]")
+        .setting(AppSettings::ColoredHelp)
+        .setting(AppSettings::DeriveDisplayOrder)
+        .after_help(
+            "Note: `fd -h` prints a short and concise overview while `fd --help` \
+             gives all details.",
+        )
+        .arg(arg("hidden").long("hidden").short("H"))
+        .arg(arg("no-ignore").long("no-ignore").short("I"))
+        .arg(arg("no-ignore-vcs").long("no-ignore-vcs"))
+        .arg(
+            arg("rg-alias-hidden-ignore")
+                .short("u")
+                .multiple(true)
+                .hidden(true),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("case-sensitive")
+                .long("case-sensitive")
+                .short("s")
+                .overrides_with("ignore-case"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("ignore-case")
+                .long("ignore-case")
+                .short("i")
+                .overrides_with("case-sensitive"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("fixed-strings")
+                .long("fixed-strings")
+                .short("F")
+                .alias("literal"),
+        )
+        .arg(arg("absolute-path").long("absolute-path").short("a"))
+        .arg(arg("follow").long("follow").short("L").alias("dereference"))
+        .arg(arg("full-path").long("full-path").short("p"))
+        .arg(arg("null_separator").long("print0").short("0"))
+        .arg(arg("depth").long("max-depth").short("d").takes_value(true))
+        // support --maxdepth as well, for compatibility with rg
+        .arg(
+            arg("rg-depth")
+                .long("maxdepth")
+                .hidden(true)
+                .takes_value(true),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("file-type")
+                .long("type")
+                .short("t")
+                .multiple(true)
+                .number_of_values(1)
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .value_name("filetype")
+                .possible_values(&[
+                    "f",
+                    "file",
+                    "d",
+                    "directory",
+                    "l",
+                    "symlink",
+                    "x",
+                    "executable",
+                    "e",
+                    "empty",
+                ])
+                .hide_possible_values(true),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("extension")
+                .long("extension")
+                .short("e")
+                .multiple(true)
+                .number_of_values(1)
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .value_name("ext"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("exec")
+                .long("exec")
+                .short("x")
+                .min_values(1)
+                .allow_hyphen_values(true)
+                .value_terminator(";")
+                .value_name("cmd"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("exec-batch")
+                .long("exec-batch")
+                .short("X")
+                .min_values(1)
+                .allow_hyphen_values(true)
+                .value_terminator(";")
+                .value_name("cmd")
+                .conflicts_with("exec"),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("exclude")
+                .long("exclude")
+                .short("E")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .value_name("pattern")
+                .number_of_values(1)
+                .multiple(true),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("ignore-file")
+                .long("ignore-file")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .value_name("path")
+                .number_of_values(1)
+                .multiple(true)
+                .hidden_short_help(true),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("color")
+                .long("color")
+                .short("c")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .value_name("when")
+                .possible_values(&["never", "auto", "always"])
+                .hide_possible_values(true),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("threads")
+                .long("threads")
+                .short("j")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .value_name("num")
+                .hidden_short_help(true),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("size")
+                .long("size")
+                .short("S")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .number_of_values(1)
+                .allow_hyphen_values(true)
+                .multiple(true),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("max-buffer-time")
+                .long("max-buffer-time")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .hidden(true),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("changed-within")
+                .long("changed-within")
+                .alias("change-newer-than")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .value_name("date|dur")
+                .number_of_values(1),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("changed-before")
+                .long("changed-before")
+                .alias("change-older-than")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .value_name("date|dur")
+                .number_of_values(1),
+        )
+        .arg(
+            arg("show-errors")
+                .long("show-errors")
+                .hidden_short_help(true),
+        )
+        .arg(arg("pattern"))
+        .arg(arg("path").multiple(true))
+        .arg(
+            arg("search-path")
+                .long("search-path")
+                .takes_value(true)
+                .conflicts_with("path")
+                .multiple(true)
+                .hidden_short_help(true)
+                .number_of_values(1),
+        )
+}
+
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+fn usage() -> HashMap<&'static str, Help> {
+    let mut h = HashMap::new();
+    doc!(h, "hidden"
+        , "Search hidden files and directories"
+        , "Include hidden directories and files in the search results (default: hidden files \
+           and directories are skipped). Files and directories are considered to be hidden if \
+           their name starts with a `.` sign (dot).");
+    doc!(h, "no-ignore"
+        , "Do not respect .(git|fd)ignore files"
+        , "Show search results from files and directories that would otherwise be ignored by \
+            '.gitignore', '.ignore' or '.fdignore' files.");
+    doc!(h, "no-ignore-vcs"
+        , "Do not respect .gitignore files"
+        , "Show search results from files and directories that would otherwise be ignored by \
+            '.gitignore' files.");
+    doc!(h, "case-sensitive"
+        , "Case-sensitive search (default: smart case)"
+        , "Perform a case-sensitive search. By default, fd uses case-insensitive searches, \
+           unless the pattern contains an uppercase character (smart case).");
+    doc!(h, "ignore-case"
+        , "Case-insensitive search (default: smart case)"
+        , "Perform a case-insensitive search. By default, fd uses case-insensitive searches, \
+           unless the pattern contains an uppercase character (smart case).");
+    doc!(h, "fixed-strings"
+        , "Treat the pattern as a literal string"
+        , "Treat the pattern as a literal string instead of a regular expression.");
+    doc!(h, "absolute-path"
+        , "Show absolute instead of relative paths"
+        , "Shows the full path starting from the root as opposed to relative paths.");
+    doc!(h, "follow"
+        , "Follow symbolic links"
+        , "By default, fd does not descend into symlinked directories. Using this flag, symbolic \
+           links are also traversed.");
+    doc!(h, "full-path"
+        , "Search full path (default: file-/dirname only)"
+        , "By default, the search pattern is only matched against the filename (or directory \
+           name). Using this flag, the pattern is matched against the full path.");
+    doc!(h, "null_separator"
+        , "Separate results by the null character"
+        , "Separate search results by the null character (instead of newlines). Useful for \
+           piping results to 'xargs'.");
+    doc!(h, "depth"
+        , "Set maximum search depth (default: none)"
+        , "Limit the directory traversal to a given depth. By default, there is no limit \
+           on the search depth.");
+    doc!(h, "rg-depth"
+        , "See --max-depth"
+        , "See --max-depth");
+    doc!(h, "file-type"
+        , "Filter by type: file (f), directory (d), symlink (l),\nexecutable (x), empty (e)"
+        , "Filter the search by type (multiple allowable filetypes can be specified):\n  \
+             'f' or 'file':         regular files\n  \
+             'd' or 'directory':    directories\n  \
+             'l' or 'symlink':      symbolic links\n  \
+             'x' or 'executable':   executables\n  \
+             'e' or 'empty':        empty files or directories");
+    doc!(h, "extension"
+        , "Filter by file extension"
+        , "(Additionally) filter search results by their file extension. Multiple allowable file \
+           extensions can be specified.");
+    doc!(h, "exec"
+        , "Execute a command for each search result"
+        , "Execute a command for each search result.\n\
+           All arguments following --exec are taken to be arguments to the command until the \
+           argument ';' is encountered.\n\
+           Each occurrence of the following placeholders is substituted by a path derived from the \
+           current search result before the command is executed:\n  \
+             '{}':   path\n  \
+             '{/}':  basename\n  \
+             '{//}': parent directory\n  \
+             '{.}':  path without file extension\n  \
+             '{/.}': basename without file extension");
+    doc!(h, "exec-batch"
+        , "Execute a command with all search results at once"
+        , "Execute a command with all search results at once.\n\
+           All arguments following --exec-batch are taken to be arguments to the command until the \
+           argument ';' is encountered.\n\
+           A single occurence of the following placeholders is authorized and substituted by the paths derived from the \
+           search results before the command is executed:\n  \
+             '{}':   path\n  \
+             '{/}':  basename\n  \
+             '{//}': parent directory\n  \
+             '{.}':  path without file extension\n  \
+             '{/.}': basename without file extension");
+    doc!(h, "exclude"
+        , "Exclude entries that match the given glob pattern"
+        , "Exclude files/directories that match the given glob pattern. This overrides any \
+           other ignore logic. Multiple exclude patterns can be specified.");
+    doc!(h, "ignore-file"
+        , "Add a custom ignore-file in .gitignore format"
+        , "Add a custom ignore-file in '.gitignore' format. These files have a low precedence.");
+    doc!(h, "color"
+        , "When to use colors: never, *auto*, always"
+        , "Declare when to use color for the pattern match output:\n  \
+             'auto':      show colors if the output goes to an interactive console (default)\n  \
+             'never':     do not use colorized output\n  \
+             'always':    always use colorized output");
+    doc!(h, "threads"
+        , "Set number of threads to use for searching & executing"
+        , "Set number of threads to use for searching & executing (default: number of available \
+           CPU cores)");
+    doc!(h, "max-buffer-time"
+        , "the time (in ms) to buffer, before streaming to the console"
+        , "Amount of time in milliseconds to buffer, before streaming the search results to \
+           the console.");
+    doc!(h, "pattern"
+        , "the search pattern, a regular expression (optional)");
+    doc!(h, "path"
+        , "the root directory for the filesystem search (optional)"
+        , "The directory where the filesystem search is rooted (optional). \
+           If omitted, search the current working directory.");
+    doc!(h, "rg-alias-hidden-ignore"
+        , "Alias for no-ignore and/or hidden"
+        , "Alias for no-ignore ('u') and no-ignore and hidden ('uu')");
+    doc!(h, "size"
+        , "Limit results based on the size of files."
+        , "Limit results based on the size of files using the format <+-><NUM><UNIT>.\n   \
+            '+': file size must be greater than or equal to this\n   \
+            '-': file size must be less than or equal to this\n   \
+            'NUM':  The numeric size (e.g. 500)\n   \
+            'UNIT': The units for NUM. They are not case-sensitive.\n\
+            Allowed unit values:\n   \
+                'b':  bytes\n   \
+                'k':  kilobytes\n   \
+                'm':  megabytes\n   \
+                'g':  gigabytes\n   \
+                't':  terabytes\n   \
+                'ki': kibibytes\n   \
+                'mi': mebibytes\n   \
+                'gi': gibibytes\n   \
+                'ti': tebibytes");
+    doc!(h, "changed-within"
+        , "Filter by file modification time (newer than)"
+        , "Filter results based on the file modification time. The argument can be provided \
+           as a specific point in time (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) or as a duration (10h, 1d, 35min). \
+           '--change-newer-than' can be used as an alias.\n\
+           Examples:\n    \
+               --changed-within 2weeks\n    \
+               --change-newer-than '2018-10-27 10:00:00'");
+    doc!(h, "changed-before"
+        , "Filter by file modification time (older than)"
+        , "Filter results based on the file modification time. The argument can be provided \
+           as a specific point in time (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) or as a duration (10h, 1d, 35min). \
+           '--change-older-than' can be used as an alias.\n\
+           Examples:\n    \
+               --changed-before '2018-10-27 10:00:00'\n    \
+               --change-older-than 2weeks");
+    doc!(h, "show-errors"
+        , "Enable display of filesystem errors"
+        , "Enable the display of filesystem errors for situations such as insufficient permissions \
+            or dead symlinks.");
+    doc!(h, "search-path"
+        , "(hidden)"
+        , "Provide paths to search as an alternative to the positional <path> argument. \
+           Changes the usage to `fd [FLAGS/OPTIONS] --search-path <path> --search-path <path2> [<pattern>]`");
+    h
+}

src/exec/command.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
+use std::io;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::process::Command;
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+
+/// Executes a command.
+pub fn execute_command(mut cmd: Command, out_perm: &Mutex<()>) {
+    // Spawn the supplied command.
+    let output = cmd.output();
+
+    // Then wait for the command to exit, if it was spawned.
+    match output {
+        Ok(output) => {
+            // While this lock is active, this thread will be the only thread allowed
+            // to write its outputs.
+            let _lock = out_perm.lock().unwrap();
+
+            let stdout = io::stdout();
+            let stderr = io::stderr();
+
+            let _ = stdout.lock().write_all(&output.stdout);
+            let _ = stderr.lock().write_all(&output.stderr);
+        }
+        Err(ref why) if why.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
+            print_error!("Command not found: {:?}", cmd);
+        }
+        Err(why) => {
+            print_error!("Problem while executing command: {}", why);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/exec/input.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
+use std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR;
+
+/// Removes the parent component of the path
+pub fn basename(path: &str) -> &str {
+    let mut index = 0;
+    for (id, character) in path.char_indices() {
+        if character == MAIN_SEPARATOR {
+            index = id;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // FIXME: On Windows, should return what for C:file.txt D:file.txt and \\server\share ?
+    if index != 0 {
+        return &path[index + 1..];
+    }
+
+    path
+}
+
+/// Removes the extension from the path
+pub fn remove_extension(path: &str) -> &str {
+    let mut has_dir = false;
+    let mut dir_index = 0;
+    let mut ext_index = 0;
+
+    for (id, character) in path.char_indices() {
+        if character == MAIN_SEPARATOR {
+            has_dir = true;
+            dir_index = id;
+        }
+        if character == '.' {
+            ext_index = id;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Account for hidden files and directories
+    if ext_index != 0 && (!has_dir || dir_index + 2 <= ext_index) {
+        return &path[0..ext_index];
+    }
+
+    path
+}
+
+/// Removes the basename from the path.
+pub fn dirname(path: &str) -> &str {
+    let mut has_dir = false;
+    let mut index = 0;
+    for (id, character) in path.char_indices() {
+        if character == MAIN_SEPARATOR {
+            has_dir = true;
+            index = id;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // FIXME: On Windows, return what for C:file.txt D:file.txt and \\server\share ?
+    if !has_dir {
+        "."
+    } else if index == 0 {
+        &path[..1]
+    } else {
+        &path[0..index]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod path_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn correct(input: &str) -> String {
+        input.replace('/', &MAIN_SEPARATOR.to_string())
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! func_tests {
+        ($($name:ident: $func:ident for $input:expr => $output:expr)+) => {
+            $(
+                #[test]
+                fn $name() {
+                    assert_eq!($func(&correct($input)), correct($output));
+                }
+            )+
+        }
+    }
+
+    func_tests! {
+        remove_ext_simple:  remove_extension  for  "foo.txt"      =>  "foo"
+        remove_ext_dir:     remove_extension  for  "dir/foo.txt"  =>  "dir/foo"
+        hidden:             remove_extension  for  ".foo"         =>  ".foo"
+        remove_ext_utf8:    remove_extension  for  "💖.txt"       =>  "💖"
+        remove_ext_empty:   remove_extension  for  ""             =>  ""
+
+        basename_simple:  basename  for  "foo.txt"      =>  "foo.txt"
+        basename_dir:     basename  for  "dir/foo.txt"  =>  "foo.txt"
+        basename_empty:   basename  for  ""             =>  ""
+        basename_utf8_0:  basename  for  "💖/foo.txt"   =>  "foo.txt"
+        basename_utf8_1:  basename  for  "dir/💖.txt"   =>  "💖.txt"
+
+        dirname_simple:  dirname  for  "foo.txt"      =>  "."
+        dirname_dir:     dirname  for  "dir/foo.txt"  =>  "dir"
+        dirname_utf8_0:  dirname  for  "💖/foo.txt"   =>  "💖"
+        dirname_utf8_1:  dirname  for  "dir/💖.txt"   =>  "dir"
+        dirname_empty:   dirname  for  ""             =>  "."
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dirname_root() {
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        assert_eq!(dirname("C:\\"), "C:");
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        assert_eq!(dirname("\\"), "\\");
+        #[cfg(not(windows))]
+        assert_eq!(dirname("/"), "/");
+    }
+}

src/exec/job.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
+use super::CommandTemplate;
+use crate::walk::WorkerResult;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::sync::mpsc::Receiver;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+/// An event loop that listens for inputs from the `rx` receiver. Each received input will
+/// generate a command with the supplied command template. The generated command will then
+/// be executed, and this process will continue until the receiver's sender has closed.
+pub fn job(
+    rx: Arc<Mutex<Receiver<WorkerResult>>>,
+    cmd: Arc<CommandTemplate>,
+    out_perm: Arc<Mutex<()>>,
+    show_filesystem_errors: bool,
+) {
+    loop {
+        // Create a lock on the shared receiver for this thread.
+        let lock = rx.lock().unwrap();
+
+        // Obtain the next result from the receiver, else if the channel
+        // has closed, exit from the loop
+        let value: PathBuf = match lock.recv() {
+            Ok(WorkerResult::Entry(val)) => val,
+            Ok(WorkerResult::Error(err)) => {
+                if show_filesystem_errors {
+                    print_error!("{}", err);
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            Err(_) => break,
+        };
+
+        // Drop the lock so that other threads can read from the the receiver.
+        drop(lock);
+        // Generate a command and execute it.
+        cmd.generate_and_execute(&value, Arc::clone(&out_perm));
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn batch(rx: Receiver<WorkerResult>, cmd: &CommandTemplate, show_filesystem_errors: bool) {
+    let paths = rx.iter().filter_map(|value| match value {
+        WorkerResult::Entry(val) => Some(val),
+        WorkerResult::Error(err) => {
+            if show_filesystem_errors {
+                print_error!("{}", err);
+            }
+            None
+        }
+    });
+    cmd.generate_and_execute_batch(paths);
+}

src/exec/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
+// TODO: Possible optimization could avoid pushing characters on a buffer.
+mod command;
+mod input;
+mod job;
+mod token;
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use regex::Regex;
+
+use self::command::execute_command;
+use self::input::{basename, dirname, remove_extension};
+pub use self::job::{batch, job};
+use self::token::Token;
+
+/// Execution mode of the command
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ExecutionMode {
+    /// Command is executed for each search result
+    OneByOne,
+    /// Command is run for a batch of results at once
+    Batch,
+}
+
+/// Represents a template that is utilized to generate command strings.
+///
+/// The template is meant to be coupled with an input in order to generate a command. The
+/// `generate_and_execute()` method will be used to generate a command and execute it.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct CommandTemplate {
+    args: Vec<ArgumentTemplate>,
+    mode: ExecutionMode,
+}
+
+impl CommandTemplate {
+    pub fn new<I, S>(input: I) -> CommandTemplate
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = S>,
+        S: AsRef<str>,
+    {
+        Self::build(input, ExecutionMode::OneByOne)
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_batch<I, S>(input: I) -> Result<CommandTemplate, &'static str>
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = S>,
+        S: AsRef<str>,
+    {
+        let cmd = Self::build(input, ExecutionMode::Batch);
+        if cmd.number_of_tokens() > 1 {
+            return Err("Only one placeholder allowed for batch commands");
+        }
+        if cmd.args[0].has_tokens() {
+            return Err("First argument of exec-batch is expected to be a fixed executable");
+        }
+        Ok(cmd)
+    }
+
+    fn build<I, S>(input: I, mode: ExecutionMode) -> CommandTemplate
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = S>,
+        S: AsRef<str>,
+    {
+        lazy_static! {
+            static ref PLACEHOLDER_PATTERN: Regex = Regex::new(r"\{(/?\.?|//)\}").unwrap();
+        }
+
+        let mut args = Vec::new();
+        let mut has_placeholder = false;
+
+        for arg in input {
+            let arg = arg.as_ref();
+
+            let mut tokens = Vec::new();
+            let mut start = 0;
+
+            for placeholder in PLACEHOLDER_PATTERN.find_iter(arg) {
+                // Leading text before the placeholder.
+                if placeholder.start() > start {
+                    tokens.push(Token::Text(arg[start..placeholder.start()].to_owned()));
+                }
+
+                start = placeholder.end();
+
+                match placeholder.as_str() {
+                    "{}" => tokens.push(Token::Placeholder),
+                    "{.}" => tokens.push(Token::NoExt),
+                    "{/}" => tokens.push(Token::Basename),
+                    "{//}" => tokens.push(Token::Parent),
+                    "{/.}" => tokens.push(Token::BasenameNoExt),
+                    _ => panic!("Unhandled placeholder"),
+                }
+
+                has_placeholder = true;
+            }
+
+            // Without a placeholder, the argument is just fixed text.
+            if tokens.is_empty() {
+                args.push(ArgumentTemplate::Text(arg.to_owned()));
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if start < arg.len() {
+                // Trailing text after last placeholder.
+                tokens.push(Token::Text(arg[start..].to_owned()));
+            }
+
+            args.push(ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(tokens));
+        }
+
+        // If a placeholder token was not supplied, append one at the end of the command.
+        if !has_placeholder {
+            args.push(ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(vec![Token::Placeholder]));
+        }
+
+        CommandTemplate { args, mode }
+    }
+
+    fn number_of_tokens(&self) -> usize {
+        self.args.iter().filter(|arg| arg.has_tokens()).count()
+    }
+
+    fn prepare_path(input: &Path) -> String {
+        input
+            .strip_prefix(".")
+            .unwrap_or(input)
+            .to_string_lossy()
+            .into_owned()
+    }
+
+    /// Generates and executes a command.
+    ///
+    /// Using the internal `args` field, and a supplied `input` variable, a `Command` will be
+    /// build. Once all arguments have been processed, the command is executed.
+    pub fn generate_and_execute(&self, input: &Path, out_perm: Arc<Mutex<()>>) {
+        let input = Self::prepare_path(input);
+
+        let mut cmd = Command::new(self.args[0].generate(&input).as_ref());
+        for arg in &self.args[1..] {
+            cmd.arg(arg.generate(&input).as_ref());
+        }
+
+        execute_command(cmd, &out_perm)
+    }
+
+    pub fn in_batch_mode(&self) -> bool {
+        self.mode == ExecutionMode::Batch
+    }
+
+    pub fn generate_and_execute_batch<I>(&self, paths: I)
+    where
+        I: Iterator<Item = PathBuf>,
+    {
+        let mut cmd = Command::new(self.args[0].generate("").as_ref());
+        cmd.stdin(Stdio::inherit());
+        cmd.stdout(Stdio::inherit());
+        cmd.stderr(Stdio::inherit());
+
+        let mut paths = paths.map(|p| Self::prepare_path(&p));
+        let mut has_path = false;
+
+        for arg in &self.args[1..] {
+            if arg.has_tokens() {
+                // A single `Tokens` is expected
+                // So we can directy consume the iterator once and for all
+                for path in &mut paths {
+                    cmd.arg(arg.generate(&path).as_ref());
+                    has_path = true;
+                }
+            } else {
+                cmd.arg(arg.generate("").as_ref());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if has_path {
+            execute_command(cmd, &Mutex::new(()));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Represents a template for a single command argument.
+///
+/// The argument is either a collection of `Token`s including at least one placeholder variant, or
+/// a fixed text.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+enum ArgumentTemplate {
+    Tokens(Vec<Token>),
+    Text(String),
+}
+
+impl ArgumentTemplate {
+    pub fn has_tokens(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(_) => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn generate<'a>(&'a self, path: &str) -> Cow<'a, str> {
+        use self::Token::*;
+
+        match *self {
+            ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(ref tokens) => {
+                let mut s = String::new();
+                for token in tokens {
+                    match *token {
+                        Basename => s += basename(path),
+                        BasenameNoExt => s += remove_extension(basename(path)),
+                        NoExt => s += remove_extension(path),
+                        Parent => s += dirname(path),
+                        Placeholder => s += path,
+                        Text(ref string) => s += string,
+                    }
+                }
+                Cow::Owned(s)
+            }
+            ArgumentTemplate::Text(ref text) => Cow::Borrowed(text),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tokens_with_placeholder() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            CommandTemplate::new(&[&"echo", &"${SHELL}:"]),
+            CommandTemplate {
+                args: vec![
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Text("echo".into()),
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Text("${SHELL}:".into()),
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(vec![Token::Placeholder]),
+                ],
+                mode: ExecutionMode::OneByOne,
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tokens_with_no_extension() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            CommandTemplate::new(&["echo", "{.}"]),
+            CommandTemplate {
+                args: vec![
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Text("echo".into()),
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(vec![Token::NoExt]),
+                ],
+                mode: ExecutionMode::OneByOne,
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tokens_with_basename() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            CommandTemplate::new(&["echo", "{/}"]),
+            CommandTemplate {
+                args: vec![
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Text("echo".into()),
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(vec![Token::Basename]),
+                ],
+                mode: ExecutionMode::OneByOne,
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tokens_with_parent() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            CommandTemplate::new(&["echo", "{//}"]),
+            CommandTemplate {
+                args: vec![
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Text("echo".into()),
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(vec![Token::Parent]),
+                ],
+                mode: ExecutionMode::OneByOne,
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tokens_with_basename_no_extension() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            CommandTemplate::new(&["echo", "{/.}"]),
+            CommandTemplate {
+                args: vec![
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Text("echo".into()),
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(vec![Token::BasenameNoExt]),
+                ],
+                mode: ExecutionMode::OneByOne,
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tokens_multiple() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            CommandTemplate::new(&["cp", "{}", "{/.}.ext"]),
+            CommandTemplate {
+                args: vec![
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Text("cp".into()),
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(vec![Token::Placeholder]),
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(vec![
+                        Token::BasenameNoExt,
+                        Token::Text(".ext".into())
+                    ]),
+                ],
+                mode: ExecutionMode::OneByOne,
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tokens_single_batch() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            CommandTemplate::new_batch(&["echo", "{.}"]).unwrap(),
+            CommandTemplate {
+                args: vec![
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Text("echo".into()),
+                    ArgumentTemplate::Tokens(vec![Token::NoExt]),
+                ],
+                mode: ExecutionMode::Batch,
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tokens_multiple_batch() {
+        assert!(CommandTemplate::new_batch(&["echo", "{.}", "{}"]).is_err());
+    }
+}

src/exec/token.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
+use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
+
+/// Designates what should be written to a buffer
+///
+/// Each `Token` contains either text, or a placeholder variant, which will be used to generate
+/// commands after all tokens for a given command template have been collected.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Token {
+    Placeholder,
+    Basename,
+    Parent,
+    NoExt,
+    BasenameNoExt,
+    Text(String),
+}
+
+impl Display for Token {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Token::Placeholder => f.write_str("{}")?,
+            Token::Basename => f.write_str("{/}")?,
+            Token::Parent => f.write_str("{//}")?,
+            Token::NoExt => f.write_str("{.}")?,
+            Token::BasenameNoExt => f.write_str("{/.}")?,
+            Token::Text(ref string) => f.write_str(string)?,
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

src/exit_codes.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+pub enum ExitCode {
+    GeneralError,
+    KilledBySigint,
+}
+
+impl Into<i32> for ExitCode {
+    fn into(self) -> i32 {
+        match self {
+            ExitCode::GeneralError => 1,
+            ExitCode::KilledBySigint => 130,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/fshelper/mod.rs

@@ -1,43 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
+use std::env::current_dir;
+use std::fs;
+use std::io;
+#[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox"))]
+use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
-/// Get a relative path with respect to a certain base path.
+use ignore::DirEntry;
-/// See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/39343127/704831
-pub fn path_relative_from(path: &Path, base: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
-    use std::path::Component;
 
-    if path.is_absolute() != base.is_absolute() {
+pub fn path_absolute_form(path: &Path) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
-        if path.is_absolute() {
+    if path.is_absolute() {
-            Some(PathBuf::from(path))
+        return Ok(path.to_path_buf());
+    }
+
+    let path = path.strip_prefix(".").unwrap_or(path);
+    current_dir().map(|path_buf| path_buf.join(path))
+}
+
+pub fn absolute_path(path: &Path) -> io::Result<PathBuf> {
+    let path_buf = path_absolute_form(path)?;
+
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let path_buf = Path::new(
+        path_buf
+            .as_path()
+            .to_string_lossy()
+            .trim_left_matches(r"\\?\"),
+    )
+    .to_path_buf();
+
+    Ok(path_buf)
+}
+
+// Path::is_dir() is not guaranteed to be intuitively correct for "." and ".."
+// See: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/45302
+pub fn is_dir(path: &Path) -> bool {
+    path.is_dir() && (path.file_name().is_some() || path.canonicalize().is_ok())
+}
+
+#[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox"))]
+pub fn is_executable(md: &fs::Metadata) -> bool {
+    md.permissions().mode() & 0o111 != 0
+}
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+pub fn is_executable(_: &fs::Metadata) -> bool {
+    false
+}
+
+pub fn is_empty(entry: &DirEntry) -> bool {
+    if let Some(file_type) = entry.file_type() {
+        if file_type.is_dir() {
+            if let Ok(mut entries) = fs::read_dir(entry.path()) {
+                entries.next().is_none()
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        } else if file_type.is_file() {
+            entry.metadata().map(|m| m.len() == 0).unwrap_or(false)
         } else {
-            None
+            false
         }
     } else {
-        let mut ita = path.components();
+        false
-        let mut itb = base.components();
-        let mut comps: Vec<Component> = vec![];
-        loop {
-            match (ita.next(), itb.next()) {
-                (None, None) => break,
-                (Some(a), None) => {
-                    comps.push(a);
-                    comps.extend(ita.by_ref());
-                    break;
-                }
-                (None, _) => comps.push(Component::ParentDir),
-                (Some(a), Some(b)) if comps.is_empty() && a == b => (),
-                (Some(a), Some(b)) if b == Component::CurDir => comps.push(a),
-                (Some(_), Some(b)) if b == Component::ParentDir => return None,
-                (Some(a), Some(_)) => {
-                    comps.push(Component::ParentDir);
-                    for _ in itb {
-                        comps.push(Component::ParentDir);
-                    }
-                    comps.push(a);
-                    comps.extend(ita.by_ref());
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Some(comps.iter().map(|c| c.as_os_str()).collect())
     }
 }

src/internal/file_types.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/// Whether or not to show
+pub struct FileTypes {
+    pub files: bool,
+    pub directories: bool,
+    pub symlinks: bool,
+    pub executables_only: bool,
+    pub empty_only: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for FileTypes {
+    fn default() -> FileTypes {
+        FileTypes {
+            files: false,
+            directories: false,
+            symlinks: false,
+            executables_only: false,
+            empty_only: false,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/internal/filter/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pub use self::size::SizeFilter;
+pub use self::time::TimeFilter;
+
+mod size;
+mod time;

src/internal/filter/size.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use regex::Regex;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref SIZE_CAPTURES: Regex = { Regex::new(r"(?i)^([+-])(\d+)(b|[kmgt]i?b?)$").unwrap() };
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum SizeFilter {
+    Max(u64),
+    Min(u64),
+}
+
+// SI prefixes (powers of 10)
+const KILO: u64 = 1000;
+const MEGA: u64 = KILO * 1000;
+const GIGA: u64 = MEGA * 1000;
+const TERA: u64 = GIGA * 1000;
+
+// Binary prefixes (powers of 2)
+const KIBI: u64 = 1024;
+const MEBI: u64 = KIBI * 1024;
+const GIBI: u64 = MEBI * 1024;
+const TEBI: u64 = GIBI * 1024;
+
+impl SizeFilter {
+    pub fn from_string(s: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        if !SIZE_CAPTURES.is_match(s) {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let captures = SIZE_CAPTURES.captures(s)?;
+        let limit_kind = captures.get(1).map_or("+", |m| m.as_str());
+        let quantity = captures
+            .get(2)
+            .and_then(|v| v.as_str().parse::<u64>().ok())?;
+
+        let multiplier = match &captures.get(3).map_or("b", |m| m.as_str()).to_lowercase()[..] {
+            v if v.starts_with("ki") => KIBI,
+            v if v.starts_with("k") => KILO,
+            v if v.starts_with("mi") => MEBI,
+            v if v.starts_with("m") => MEGA,
+            v if v.starts_with("gi") => GIBI,
+            v if v.starts_with("g") => GIGA,
+            v if v.starts_with("ti") => TEBI,
+            v if v.starts_with("t") => TERA,
+            "b" => 1,
+            _ => return None,
+        };
+
+        let size = quantity * multiplier;
+        Some(match limit_kind {
+            "+" => SizeFilter::Min(size),
+            _ => SizeFilter::Max(size),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_within(&self, size: u64) -> bool {
+        match *self {
+            SizeFilter::Max(limit) => size <= limit,
+            SizeFilter::Min(limit) => size >= limit,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    macro_rules! gen_size_filter_parse_test {
+        ($($name: ident: $val: expr,)*) => {
+            $(
+                #[test]
+                fn $name() {
+                    let (txt, expected) = $val;
+                    let actual = SizeFilter::from_string(txt).unwrap();
+                    assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+                }
+            )*
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Parsing and size conversion tests data. Ensure that each type gets properly interpreted.
+    /// Call with higher base values to ensure expected multiplication (only need a couple)
+    gen_size_filter_parse_test! {
+        byte_plus:                ("+1b",     SizeFilter::Min(1)),
+        byte_plus_multiplier:     ("+10b",    SizeFilter::Min(10)),
+        byte_minus:               ("-1b",     SizeFilter::Max(1)),
+        kilo_plus:                ("+1k",     SizeFilter::Min(1000)),
+        kilo_plus_suffix:         ("+1kb",    SizeFilter::Min(1000)),
+        kilo_minus:               ("-1k",     SizeFilter::Max(1000)),
+        kilo_minus_multiplier:    ("-100k",   SizeFilter::Max(100000)),
+        kilo_minus_suffix:        ("-1kb",    SizeFilter::Max(1000)),
+        kilo_plus_upper:          ("+1K",     SizeFilter::Min(1000)),
+        kilo_plus_suffix_upper:   ("+1KB",    SizeFilter::Min(1000)),
+        kilo_minus_upper:         ("-1K",     SizeFilter::Max(1000)),
+        kilo_minus_suffix_upper:  ("-1Kb",    SizeFilter::Max(1000)),
+        kibi_plus:                ("+1ki",    SizeFilter::Min(1024)),
+        kibi_plus_multiplier:     ("+10ki",   SizeFilter::Min(10240)),
+        kibi_plus_suffix:         ("+1kib",   SizeFilter::Min(1024)),
+        kibi_minus:               ("-1ki",    SizeFilter::Max(1024)),
+        kibi_minus_multiplier:    ("-100ki",  SizeFilter::Max(102400)),
+        kibi_minus_suffix:        ("-1kib",   SizeFilter::Max(1024)),
+        kibi_plus_upper:          ("+1KI",    SizeFilter::Min(1024)),
+        kibi_plus_suffix_upper:   ("+1KiB",   SizeFilter::Min(1024)),
+        kibi_minus_upper:         ("-1Ki",    SizeFilter::Max(1024)),
+        kibi_minus_suffix_upper:  ("-1KIB",   SizeFilter::Max(1024)),
+        mega_plus:                ("+1m",     SizeFilter::Min(1000000)),
+        mega_plus_suffix:         ("+1mb",    SizeFilter::Min(1000000)),
+        mega_minus:               ("-1m",     SizeFilter::Max(1000000)),
+        mega_minus_suffix:        ("-1mb",    SizeFilter::Max(1000000)),
+        mega_plus_upper:          ("+1M",     SizeFilter::Min(1000000)),
+        mega_plus_suffix_upper:   ("+1MB",    SizeFilter::Min(1000000)),
+        mega_minus_upper:         ("-1M",     SizeFilter::Max(1000000)),
+        mega_minus_suffix_upper:  ("-1Mb",    SizeFilter::Max(1000000)),
+        mebi_plus:                ("+1mi",    SizeFilter::Min(1048576)),
+        mebi_plus_suffix:         ("+1mib",   SizeFilter::Min(1048576)),
+        mebi_minus:               ("-1mi",    SizeFilter::Max(1048576)),
+        mebi_minus_suffix:        ("-1mib",   SizeFilter::Max(1048576)),
+        mebi_plus_upper:          ("+1MI",    SizeFilter::Min(1048576)),
+        mebi_plus_suffix_upper:   ("+1MiB",   SizeFilter::Min(1048576)),
+        mebi_minus_upper:         ("-1Mi",    SizeFilter::Max(1048576)),
+        mebi_minus_suffix_upper:  ("-1MIB",   SizeFilter::Max(1048576)),
+        giga_plus:                ("+1g",     SizeFilter::Min(1000000000)),
+        giga_plus_suffix:         ("+1gb",    SizeFilter::Min(1000000000)),
+        giga_minus:               ("-1g",     SizeFilter::Max(1000000000)),
+        giga_minus_suffix:        ("-1gb",    SizeFilter::Max(1000000000)),
+        giga_plus_upper:          ("+1G",     SizeFilter::Min(1000000000)),
+        giga_plus_suffix_upper:   ("+1GB",    SizeFilter::Min(1000000000)),
+        giga_minus_upper:         ("-1G",     SizeFilter::Max(1000000000)),
+        giga_minus_suffix_upper:  ("-1Gb",    SizeFilter::Max(1000000000)),
+        gibi_plus:                ("+1gi",    SizeFilter::Min(1073741824)),
+        gibi_plus_suffix:         ("+1gib",   SizeFilter::Min(1073741824)),
+        gibi_minus:               ("-1gi",    SizeFilter::Max(1073741824)),
+        gibi_minus_suffix:        ("-1gib",   SizeFilter::Max(1073741824)),
+        gibi_plus_upper:          ("+1GI",    SizeFilter::Min(1073741824)),
+        gibi_plus_suffix_upper:   ("+1GiB",   SizeFilter::Min(1073741824)),
+        gibi_minus_upper:         ("-1Gi",    SizeFilter::Max(1073741824)),
+        gibi_minus_suffix_upper:  ("-1GIB",   SizeFilter::Max(1073741824)),
+        tera_plus:                ("+1t",     SizeFilter::Min(1000000000000)),
+        tera_plus_suffix:         ("+1tb",    SizeFilter::Min(1000000000000)),
+        tera_minus:               ("-1t",     SizeFilter::Max(1000000000000)),
+        tera_minus_suffix:        ("-1tb",    SizeFilter::Max(1000000000000)),
+        tera_plus_upper:          ("+1T",     SizeFilter::Min(1000000000000)),
+        tera_plus_suffix_upper:   ("+1TB",    SizeFilter::Min(1000000000000)),
+        tera_minus_upper:         ("-1T",     SizeFilter::Max(1000000000000)),
+        tera_minus_suffix_upper:  ("-1Tb",    SizeFilter::Max(1000000000000)),
+        tebi_plus:                ("+1ti",    SizeFilter::Min(1099511627776)),
+        tebi_plus_suffix:         ("+1tib",   SizeFilter::Min(1099511627776)),
+        tebi_minus:               ("-1ti",    SizeFilter::Max(1099511627776)),
+        tebi_minus_suffix:        ("-1tib",   SizeFilter::Max(1099511627776)),
+        tebi_plus_upper:          ("+1TI",    SizeFilter::Min(1099511627776)),
+        tebi_plus_suffix_upper:   ("+1TiB",   SizeFilter::Min(1099511627776)),
+        tebi_minus_upper:         ("-1Ti",    SizeFilter::Max(1099511627776)),
+        tebi_minus_suffix_upper:  ("-1TIB",   SizeFilter::Max(1099511627776)),
+    }
+
+    /// Invalid parse testing
+    macro_rules! gen_size_filter_failure {
+        ($($name:ident: $value:expr,)*) => {
+            $(
+                #[test]
+                fn $name() {
+                    let i = SizeFilter::from_string($value);
+                    assert!(i.is_none());
+                }
+            )*
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Invalid parse data
+    gen_size_filter_failure! {
+        ensure_missing_symbol_returns_none: "10M",
+        ensure_missing_number_returns_none: "+g",
+        ensure_missing_unit_returns_none: "+18",
+        ensure_bad_format_returns_none_1: "$10M",
+        ensure_bad_format_returns_none_2: "badval",
+        ensure_bad_format_returns_none_3: "9999",
+        ensure_invalid_unit_returns_none_1: "+50a",
+        ensure_invalid_unit_returns_none_2: "-10v",
+        ensure_invalid_unit_returns_none_3: "+1Mv",
+        ensure_bib_format_returns_none: "+1bib",
+        ensure_bb_format_returns_none: "+1bb",
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_within_less_than() {
+        let f = SizeFilter::from_string("-1k").unwrap();
+        assert!(f.is_within(999));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_within_less_than_equal() {
+        let f = SizeFilter::from_string("-1k").unwrap();
+        assert!(f.is_within(1000));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_within_greater_than() {
+        let f = SizeFilter::from_string("+1k").unwrap();
+        assert!(f.is_within(1001));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_within_greater_than_equal() {
+        let f = SizeFilter::from_string("+1K").unwrap();
+        assert!(f.is_within(1000));
+    }
+}

src/internal/filter/time.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+use std::time::SystemTime;
+
+/// Filter based on time ranges.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum TimeFilter {
+    Before(SystemTime),
+    After(SystemTime),
+}
+
+impl TimeFilter {
+    fn from_str(ref_time: &SystemTime, s: &str) -> Option<SystemTime> {
+        use humantime;
+        humantime::parse_duration(s)
+            .map(|duration| *ref_time - duration)
+            .or_else(|_| humantime::parse_rfc3339_weak(s))
+            .ok()
+    }
+
+    pub fn before(ref_time: &SystemTime, s: &str) -> Option<TimeFilter> {
+        TimeFilter::from_str(ref_time, s).map(TimeFilter::Before)
+    }
+
+    pub fn after(ref_time: &SystemTime, s: &str) -> Option<TimeFilter> {
+        TimeFilter::from_str(ref_time, s).map(TimeFilter::After)
+    }
+
+    pub fn applies_to(&self, t: &SystemTime) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            TimeFilter::Before(limit) => t <= limit,
+            TimeFilter::After(limit) => t >= limit,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::time::Duration;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_time_filter_applicable() {
+        use humantime;
+
+        let ref_time = humantime::parse_rfc3339("2010-10-10T10:10:10Z").unwrap();
+        assert!(TimeFilter::after(&ref_time, "1min")
+            .unwrap()
+            .applies_to(&ref_time));
+        assert!(!TimeFilter::before(&ref_time, "1min")
+            .unwrap()
+            .applies_to(&ref_time));
+
+        let t1m_ago = ref_time - Duration::from_secs(60);
+        assert!(!TimeFilter::after(&ref_time, "30sec")
+            .unwrap()
+            .applies_to(&t1m_ago));
+        assert!(TimeFilter::after(&ref_time, "2min")
+            .unwrap()
+            .applies_to(&t1m_ago));
+
+        assert!(TimeFilter::before(&ref_time, "30sec")
+            .unwrap()
+            .applies_to(&t1m_ago));
+        assert!(!TimeFilter::before(&ref_time, "2min")
+            .unwrap()
+            .applies_to(&t1m_ago));
+
+        let t10s_before = "2010-10-10 10:10:00";
+        assert!(!TimeFilter::before(&ref_time, t10s_before)
+            .unwrap()
+            .applies_to(&ref_time));
+        assert!(TimeFilter::before(&ref_time, t10s_before)
+            .unwrap()
+            .applies_to(&t1m_ago));
+
+        assert!(TimeFilter::after(&ref_time, t10s_before)
+            .unwrap()
+            .applies_to(&ref_time));
+        assert!(!TimeFilter::after(&ref_time, t10s_before)
+            .unwrap()
+            .applies_to(&t1m_ago));
+    }
+}

src/internal/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
+use regex_syntax::hir::Hir;
+use regex_syntax::Parser;
+use std::ffi::OsString;
+
+pub use self::file_types::FileTypes;
+
+mod file_types;
+pub mod filter;
+pub mod opts;
+
+macro_rules! print_error {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => (eprintln!("[fd error]: {}", format!($($arg)*)))
+}
+
+macro_rules! print_error_and_exit {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => {
+        print_error!($($arg)*);
+        ::std::process::exit(1);
+    };
+}
+
+/// Determine if a regex pattern contains a literal uppercase character.
+pub fn pattern_has_uppercase_char(pattern: &str) -> bool {
+    Parser::new()
+        .parse(pattern)
+        .map(|hir| hir_has_uppercase_char(&hir))
+        .unwrap_or(false)
+}
+
+/// Determine if a regex expression contains a literal uppercase character.
+fn hir_has_uppercase_char(hir: &Hir) -> bool {
+    use regex_syntax::hir::*;
+
+    match *hir.kind() {
+        HirKind::Literal(Literal::Unicode(c)) => c.is_uppercase(),
+        HirKind::Class(Class::Unicode(ref ranges)) => ranges
+            .iter()
+            .any(|r| r.start().is_uppercase() || r.end().is_uppercase()),
+        HirKind::Group(Group { ref hir, .. }) | HirKind::Repetition(Repetition { ref hir, .. }) => {
+            hir_has_uppercase_char(hir)
+        }
+        HirKind::Concat(ref hirs) | HirKind::Alternation(ref hirs) => {
+            hirs.iter().any(hir_has_uppercase_char)
+        }
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Maximum size of the output buffer before flushing results to the console
+pub const MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH: usize = 1000;
+
+/// Traverse args_os, looking for -exec and replacing it with --exec.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// * The args, with substitution if required
+pub fn transform_args_with_exec<I>(original: I) -> Vec<OsString>
+where
+    I: Iterator<Item = OsString>,
+{
+    let mut in_exec_opt = false;
+    let target = OsString::from("-exec");
+    let long_start = OsString::from("--exec");
+    let short_start = OsString::from("-x");
+    let exec_end = OsString::from(";");
+
+    original.fold(vec![], |mut args, curr| {
+        if in_exec_opt {
+            if curr == exec_end {
+                in_exec_opt = false;
+            }
+            args.push(curr);
+            return args;
+        }
+
+        if curr == target || curr == long_start || curr == short_start {
+            args.push(if curr == target {
+                OsString::from("--exec")
+            } else {
+                curr
+            });
+            in_exec_opt = true;
+        } else {
+            args.push(curr);
+        }
+        args
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn oss_vec(strs: &[&str]) -> Vec<OsString> {
+        strs.into_iter().map(OsString::from).collect()
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure that -exec gets transformed into --exec
+    #[test]
+    fn normal_exec_substitution() {
+        let original = oss_vec(&["fd", "foo", "-exec", "cmd"]);
+        let expected = oss_vec(&["fd", "foo", "--exec", "cmd"]);
+        let actual = transform_args_with_exec(original.into_iter());
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+    }
+    /// Ensure that --exec is not touched
+    #[test]
+    fn passthru_of_original_exec() {
+        let original = oss_vec(&["fd", "foo", "--exec", "cmd"]);
+        let expected = oss_vec(&["fd", "foo", "--exec", "cmd"]);
+        let actual = transform_args_with_exec(original.into_iter());
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn temp_check_that_exec_context_observed() {
+        let original = oss_vec(&[
+            "fd",
+            "foo",
+            "-exec",
+            "cmd",
+            "-exec",
+            "ls",
+            ";",
+            "-exec",
+            "rm",
+            ";",
+            "--exec",
+            "find",
+            "-exec",
+            "rm",
+            ";",
+            "-x",
+            "foo",
+            "-exec",
+            "something",
+            ";",
+            "-exec",
+        ]);
+        let expected = oss_vec(&[
+            "fd",
+            "foo",
+            "--exec",
+            "cmd",
+            "-exec",
+            "ls",
+            ";",
+            "--exec",
+            "rm",
+            ";",
+            "--exec",
+            "find",
+            "-exec",
+            "rm",
+            ";",
+            "-x",
+            "foo",
+            "-exec",
+            "something",
+            ";",
+            "--exec",
+        ]);
+        let actual = transform_args_with_exec(original.into_iter());
+        assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+    }
+}

src/internal/opts.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+use crate::exec::CommandTemplate;
+use crate::internal::{
+    filter::{SizeFilter, TimeFilter},
+    FileTypes,
+};
+use lscolors::LsColors;
+use regex::RegexSet;
+use std::{path::PathBuf, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+
+/// Configuration options for *fd*.
+pub struct FdOptions {
+    /// Whether the search is case-sensitive or case-insensitive.
+    pub case_sensitive: bool,
+
+    /// Whether to search within the full file path or just the base name (filename or directory
+    /// name).
+    pub search_full_path: bool,
+
+    /// Whether to ignore hidden files and directories (or not).
+    pub ignore_hidden: bool,
+
+    /// Whether to respect `.fdignore` files or not.
+    pub read_fdignore: bool,
+
+    /// Whether to respect VCS ignore files (`.gitignore`, ..) or not.
+    pub read_vcsignore: bool,
+
+    /// Whether to follow symlinks or not.
+    pub follow_links: bool,
+
+    /// Whether elements of output should be separated by a null character
+    pub null_separator: bool,
+
+    /// The maximum search depth, or `None` if no maximum search depth should be set.
+    ///
+    /// A depth of `1` includes all files under the current directory, a depth of `2` also includes
+    /// all files under subdirectories of the current directory, etc.
+    pub max_depth: Option<usize>,
+
+    /// The number of threads to use.
+    pub threads: usize,
+
+    /// Time to buffer results internally before streaming to the console. This is useful to
+    /// provide a sorted output, in case the total execution time is shorter than
+    /// `max_buffer_time`.
+    pub max_buffer_time: Option<Duration>,
+
+    /// `None` if the output should not be colorized. Otherwise, a `LsColors` instance that defines
+    /// how to style different filetypes.
+    pub ls_colors: Option<LsColors>,
+
+    /// The type of file to search for. If set to `None`, all file types are displayed. If
+    /// set to `Some(..)`, only the types that are specified are shown.
+    pub file_types: Option<FileTypes>,
+
+    /// The extension to search for. Only entries matching the extension will be included.
+    ///
+    /// The value (if present) will be a lowercase string without leading dots.
+    pub extensions: Option<RegexSet>,
+
+    /// If a value is supplied, each item found will be used to generate and execute commands.
+    pub command: Option<Arc<CommandTemplate>>,
+
+    /// A list of glob patterns that should be excluded from the search.
+    pub exclude_patterns: Vec<String>,
+
+    /// A list of custom ignore files.
+    pub ignore_files: Vec<PathBuf>,
+
+    /// The given constraints on the size of returned files
+    pub size_constraints: Vec<SizeFilter>,
+
+    /// Constraints on last modification time of files
+    pub time_constraints: Vec<TimeFilter>,
+
+    /// Whether or not to display filesystem errors
+    pub show_filesystem_errors: bool,
+}

src/lscolors/mod.rs

@@ -1,219 +0,0 @@
-/// A parser for the `LS_COLORS` environment variable.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use ansi_term::{Style, Colour};
-
-/// Maps file extensions to ANSI colors / styles.
-pub type ExtensionStyles = HashMap<String, Style>;
-
-/// Maps filenames to ANSI colors / styles.
-pub type FilenameStyles = HashMap<String, Style>;
-
-const LS_CODES: &'static [&'static str] =
-    &["no", "no", "fi", "rs", "di", "ln", "ln", "ln", "or", "mi", "pi", "pi",
-      "so", "bd", "bd", "cd", "cd", "do", "ex", "lc", "lc", "rc", "rc", "ec",
-      "ec", "su", "su", "sg", "sg", "st", "ow", "ow", "tw", "tw", "ca", "mh",
-      "cl"];
-
-/// Defines how different file system entries should be colorized / styled.
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct LsColors {
-    /// ANSI Style for directories.
-    pub directory: Style,
-
-    /// ANSI style for symbolic links.
-    pub symlink: Style,
-
-    /// ANSI style for executable files.
-    pub executable: Style,
-
-    /// A map that defines ANSI styles for different file extensions.
-    pub extensions: ExtensionStyles,
-
-    /// A map that defines ANSI styles for different specific filenames.
-    pub filenames: FilenameStyles,
-}
-
-impl Default for LsColors {
-    /// Get a default LsColors structure.
-    fn default() -> LsColors {
-        LsColors {
-            directory: Colour::Blue.bold(),
-            symlink: Colour::Cyan.normal(),
-            executable: Colour::Red.bold(),
-            extensions: HashMap::new(),
-            filenames: HashMap::new()
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl LsColors {
-    /// Parse a single text-decoration code (normal, bold, italic, ...).
-    fn parse_decoration(code: &str) -> Option<fn(Colour) -> Style> {
-        match code {
-            "0" | "00" => Some(Colour::normal),
-            "1" | "01" => Some(Colour::bold),
-            "3" | "03" => Some(Colour::italic),
-            "4" | "04" => Some(Colour::underline),
-            _ => None
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Parse ANSI escape sequences like `38;5;10;1`.
-    fn parse_style(code: &str) -> Option<Style> {
-        let mut split = code.split(';');
-
-        if let Some(first) = split.next() {
-            // Try to match the first part as a text-decoration argument
-            let mut decoration = LsColors::parse_decoration(first);
-
-            let c1 = if decoration.is_none() { Some(first) } else { split.next() };
-            let c2 = split.next();
-            let c3 = split.next();
-
-            let color =
-                if c1 == Some("38") && c2 == Some("5") {
-                    let n_white = 7;
-                    let n = if let Some(num) = c3 {
-                        u8::from_str_radix(num, 10).unwrap_or(n_white)
-                    } else {
-                        n_white
-                    };
-
-                    Colour::Fixed(n)
-                } else if let Some(color_s) = c1 {
-                    match color_s {
-                        "30" => Colour::Black,
-                        "31" => Colour::Red,
-                        "32" => Colour::Green,
-                        "33" => Colour::Yellow,
-                        "34" => Colour::Blue,
-                        "35" => Colour::Purple,
-                        "36" => Colour::Cyan,
-                        _    => Colour::White
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    Colour::White
-                };
-
-            if decoration.is_none() {
-                // Try to find a decoration somewhere in the sequence
-                decoration = code.split(';')
-                                 .flat_map(LsColors::parse_decoration)
-                                 .next();
-            }
-
-            let ansi_style = decoration.unwrap_or(Colour::normal)(color);
-
-            Some(ansi_style)
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Add a new `LS_COLORS` entry.
-    fn add_entry(&mut self, input: &str) {
-        let mut parts = input.trim().split('=');
-        if let Some(pattern) = parts.next() {
-            if let Some(style_code) = parts.next() {
-                // Ensure that the input was split into exactly two parts:
-                if !parts.next().is_none() {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                if let Some(style) = LsColors::parse_style(style_code) {
-                    // Try to match against one of the known codes
-                    let res = LS_CODES.iter().find(|&&c| c == pattern);
-
-                    if let Some(code) = res {
-                        match code.as_ref() {
-                            "di" => self.directory = style,
-                            "ln" => self.symlink = style,
-                            "ex" => self.executable = style,
-                            _ => return
-                        }
-                    } else if pattern.starts_with("*.") {
-                        let extension = String::from(pattern).split_off(2);
-                        self.extensions.insert(extension, style);
-                    }
-                    else if pattern.starts_with('*') {
-                        let filename = String::from(pattern).split_off(1);
-                        self.filenames.insert(filename, style);
-                    } else {
-                        // Unknown/corrupt pattern
-                        return;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Generate a `LsColors` structure from a string.
-    pub fn from_string(input: &str) -> LsColors {
-        let mut lscolors = LsColors::default();
-
-        for s in input.split(':') {
-            lscolors.add_entry(s);
-        }
-
-        lscolors
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_parse_simple() {
-    assert_eq!(Some(Colour::Red.normal()),
-               LsColors::parse_style("31"));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_parse_decoration() {
-    assert_eq!(Some(Colour::Red.normal()),
-               LsColors::parse_style("00;31"));
-
-    assert_eq!(Some(Colour::Blue.italic()),
-               LsColors::parse_style("03;34"));
-
-    assert_eq!(Some(Colour::Cyan.bold()),
-               LsColors::parse_style("01;36"));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_parse_decoration_backwards() {
-    assert_eq!(Some(Colour::Blue.italic()),
-               LsColors::parse_style("34;03"));
-
-    assert_eq!(Some(Colour::Cyan.bold()),
-               LsColors::parse_style("36;01"));
-
-    assert_eq!(Some(Colour::Red.normal()),
-               LsColors::parse_style("31;00"));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_parse_256() {
-    assert_eq!(Some(Colour::Fixed(115).normal()),
-               LsColors::parse_style("38;5;115"));
-
-    assert_eq!(Some(Colour::Fixed(115).normal()),
-               LsColors::parse_style("00;38;5;115"));
-
-    assert_eq!(Some(Colour::Fixed(119).bold()),
-               LsColors::parse_style("01;38;5;119"));
-
-    assert_eq!(Some(Colour::Fixed(119).bold()),
-               LsColors::parse_style("38;5;119;01"));
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_from_string() {
-    assert_eq!(LsColors::default(), LsColors::from_string(&String::new()));
-
-    let result = LsColors::from_string(
-        &String::from("rs=0:di=03;34:ln=01;36:*.foo=01;35:*README=33"));
-
-    assert_eq!(Colour::Blue.italic(), result.directory);
-    assert_eq!(Colour::Cyan.bold(), result.symlink);
-    assert_eq!(Some(&Colour::Purple.bold()), result.extensions.get("foo"));
-    assert_eq!(Some(&Colour::Yellow.normal()), result.filenames.get("README"));
-}

src/main.rs

@@ -1,331 +1,262 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
 #[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
+mod internal;
-extern crate ansi_term;
-extern crate atty;
-extern crate regex;
-extern crate ignore;
 
-pub mod lscolors;
+mod app;
+mod exec;
+mod exit_codes;
 pub mod fshelper;
+mod output;
+mod walk;
 
-use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::env;
 use std::error::Error;
-use std::io::Write;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
-use std::ops::Deref;
+use std::sync::Arc;
-#[cfg(target_family = "unix")]
+use std::time;
-use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
-use std::path::{Path, Component};
-use std::process;
 
-use clap::{App, AppSettings, Arg};
 use atty::Stream;
-use regex::{Regex, RegexBuilder};
-use ignore::WalkBuilder;
-
 use lscolors::LsColors;
+use regex::{RegexBuilder, RegexSetBuilder};
 
-/// Defines how to display search result paths.
+use crate::exec::CommandTemplate;
-#[derive(PartialEq)]
+use crate::internal::{
-enum PathDisplay {
+    filter::{SizeFilter, TimeFilter},
-    /// As an absolute path
+    opts::FdOptions,
-    Absolute,
+    pattern_has_uppercase_char, transform_args_with_exec, FileTypes,
-
+};
-    /// As a relative path
-    Relative
-}
-
-/// Configuration options for *fd*.
-struct FdOptions {
-    /// Determines whether the regex search is case-sensitive or case-insensitive.
-    case_sensitive: bool,
-
-    /// Whether to search within the full file path or just the base name (filename or directory
-    /// name).
-    search_full_path: bool,
-
-    /// Whether to ignore hidden files and directories (or not).
-    ignore_hidden: bool,
-
-    /// Whether to respect VCS ignore files (`.gitignore`, `.ignore`, ..) or not.
-    read_ignore: bool,
-
-    /// Whether to follow symlinks or not.
-    follow_links: bool,
-
-    /// The maximum search depth, or `None` if no maximum search depth should be set.
-    ///
-    /// A depth of `1` includes all files under the current directory, a depth of `2` also includes
-    /// all files under subdirectories of the current directory, etc.
-    max_depth: Option<usize>,
-
-    /// Display results as relative or absolute path.
-    path_display: PathDisplay,
-
-    /// `None` if the output should not be colorized. Otherwise, a `LsColors` instance that defines
-    /// how to style different filetypes.
-    ls_colors: Option<LsColors>
-}
-
-/// Root directory
-static ROOT_DIR : &'static str = "/";
-
-/// Parent directory
-static PARENT_DIR : &'static str = "..";
-
-/// Print a search result to the console.
-fn print_entry(base: &Path, entry: &Path, config: &FdOptions) {
-    let path_full = base.join(entry);
-
-    let path_str = entry.to_string_lossy();
-
-    #[cfg(target_family = "unix")]
-    let is_executable = |p: &std::path::PathBuf| {
-        p.metadata()
-         .ok()
-         .map(|f| f.permissions().mode() & 0o111 != 0)
-         .unwrap_or(false)
-    };
-
-    #[cfg(not(target_family = "unix"))]
-    let is_executable =  |p: &std::path::PathBuf| {false};
-
-    if let Some(ref ls_colors) = config.ls_colors {
-        let default_style = ansi_term::Style::default();
-
-        let mut component_path = base.to_path_buf();
-
-        if config.path_display == PathDisplay::Absolute {
-            print!("{}", ls_colors.directory.paint(ROOT_DIR));
-        }
-
-        // Traverse the path and colorize each component
-        for component in entry.components() {
-            let comp_str = match component {
-                Component::Normal(p) => p.to_string_lossy(),
-                Component::ParentDir => Cow::from(PARENT_DIR),
-                _                    => error("Error: unexpected path component.")
-            };
-
-            component_path.push(Path::new(comp_str.deref()));
-
-            let style =
-                if component_path.symlink_metadata()
-                                 .map(|md| md.file_type().is_symlink())
-                                 .unwrap_or(false) {
-                    &ls_colors.symlink
-                } else if component_path.is_dir() {
-                    &ls_colors.directory
-                } else if is_executable(&component_path) {
-                    &ls_colors.executable
-                } else {
-                    // Look up file name
-                    let o_style =
-                        component_path.file_name()
-                                      .and_then(|n| n.to_str())
-                                      .and_then(|n| ls_colors.filenames.get(n));
-
-                    match o_style {
-                        Some(s) => s,
-                        None =>
-                            // Look up file extension
-                            component_path.extension()
-                                          .and_then(|e| e.to_str())
-                                          .and_then(|e| ls_colors.extensions.get(e))
-                                          .unwrap_or(&default_style)
-                    }
-                };
-
-            print!("{}", style.paint(comp_str));
-
-            if component_path.is_dir() && component_path != path_full {
-                let sep = std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR.to_string();
-                print!("{}", style.paint(sep));
-            }
-        }
-        println!();
-    } else {
-        // Uncolorized output
-
-        let prefix = if config.path_display == PathDisplay::Absolute { ROOT_DIR } else { "" };
-
-        let r = writeln!(&mut std::io::stdout(), "{}{}", prefix, path_str);
-
-        if r.is_err() {
-            // Probably a broken pipe. Exit gracefully.
-            process::exit(0);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Recursively scan the given search path and search for files / pathnames matching the pattern.
-fn scan(root: &Path, pattern: &Regex, base: &Path, config: &FdOptions) {
-    let walker = WalkBuilder::new(root)
-                     .hidden(config.ignore_hidden)
-                     .ignore(config.read_ignore)
-                     .git_ignore(config.read_ignore)
-                     .parents(config.read_ignore)
-                     .git_global(config.read_ignore)
-                     .git_exclude(config.read_ignore)
-                     .follow_links(config.follow_links)
-                     .max_depth(config.max_depth)
-                     .build()
-                     .into_iter()
-                     .filter_map(|e| e.ok())
-                     .filter(|e| e.path() != root);
-
-    for entry in walker {
-        let path_rel_buf = match fshelper::path_relative_from(entry.path(), base) {
-            Some(p) => p,
-            None => error("Error: could not get relative path for directory entry.")
-        };
-        let path_rel = path_rel_buf.as_path();
-
-        let search_str_o =
-            if config.search_full_path {
-                Some(path_rel.to_string_lossy())
-            } else {
-                path_rel.file_name()
-                        .map(|f| f.to_string_lossy())
-            };
-
-        if let Some(search_str) = search_str_o {
-            pattern.find(&*search_str)
-                      .map(|_| print_entry(base, path_rel, config));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Print error message to stderr and exit with status `1`.
-fn error(message: &str) -> ! {
-    writeln!(&mut std::io::stderr(), "{}", message)
-        .expect("Failed writing to stderr");
-    process::exit(1);
-}
 
 fn main() {
-    let matches =
+    let checked_args = transform_args_with_exec(env::args_os());
-        App::new("fd")
+    let matches = app::build_app().get_matches_from(checked_args);
-            .version(crate_version!())
-            .usage("fd [FLAGS/OPTIONS] [<pattern>] [<path>]")
-            .setting(AppSettings::ColoredHelp)
-            .setting(AppSettings::DeriveDisplayOrder)
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("case-sensitive")
-                        .long("case-sensitive")
-                        .short("s")
-                        .help("Case-sensitive search (default: smart case)"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("full-path")
-                        .long("full-path")
-                        .short("p")
-                        .help("Search full path (default: file-/dirname only)"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("hidden")
-                        .long("hidden")
-                        .short("H")
-                        .help("Search hidden files and directories"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("no-ignore")
-                        .long("no-ignore")
-                        .short("I")
-                        .help("Do not respect .(git)ignore files"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("follow")
-                        .long("follow")
-                        .short("f")
-                        .help("Follow symlinks"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("absolute-path")
-                        .long("absolute-path")
-                        .short("a")
-                        .help("Show absolute instead of relative paths"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("no-color")
-                        .long("no-color")
-                        .short("n")
-                        .help("Do not colorize output"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("depth")
-                        .long("max-depth")
-                        .short("d")
-                        .takes_value(true)
-                        .help("Set maximum search depth (default: none)"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("pattern")
-                        .help("the search pattern, a regular expression (optional)"))
-            .arg(Arg::with_name("path")
-                        .help("the root directory for the filesystem search (optional)"))
-            .get_matches();
 
     // Get the search pattern
-    let empty_pattern = String::new();
+    let pattern = matches.value_of("pattern").unwrap_or("");
-    let pattern = matches.value_of("pattern").unwrap_or(&empty_pattern);
 
     // Get the current working directory
-    let current_dir_buf = match env::current_dir() {
+    let current_dir = Path::new(".");
-        Ok(cd) => cd,
+    if !fshelper::is_dir(current_dir) {
-        Err(_) => error("Error: could not get current directory.")
+        print_error_and_exit!("Could not get current directory.");
-    };
-    let current_dir = current_dir_buf.as_path();
-
-    // Get the root directory for the search
-    let mut root_dir_is_absolute = false;
-    let root_dir_buf = if let Some(rd) = matches.value_of("path") {
-        let path = Path::new(rd);
-
-        root_dir_is_absolute = path.is_absolute();
-
-        path.canonicalize().unwrap_or_else(
-            |_| error(&format!("Error: could not find directory '{}'.", rd))
-        )
-    } else {
-        current_dir_buf.clone()
-    };
-
-    if !root_dir_buf.is_dir() {
-        error(&format!("Error: '{}' is not a directory.", root_dir_buf.to_string_lossy()));
     }
 
-    let root_dir = root_dir_buf.as_path();
+    // Get one or more root directories to search.
+    let mut dir_vec: Vec<_> = match matches
+        .values_of("path")
+        .or_else(|| matches.values_of("search-path"))
+    {
+        Some(paths) => paths
+            .map(|path| {
+                let path_buffer = PathBuf::from(path);
+                if !fshelper::is_dir(&path_buffer) {
+                    print_error_and_exit!(
+                        "'{}' is not a directory.",
+                        path_buffer.to_string_lossy()
+                    );
+                }
+                path_buffer
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        None => vec![current_dir.to_path_buf()],
+    };
+
+    if matches.is_present("absolute-path") {
+        dir_vec = dir_vec
+            .iter()
+            .map(|path_buffer| {
+                path_buffer
+                    .canonicalize()
+                    .and_then(|pb| fshelper::absolute_path(pb.as_path()))
+                    .unwrap()
+            })
+            .collect();
+    }
+
+    // Detect if the user accidentally supplied a path instead of a search pattern
+    if !matches.is_present("full-path")
+        && pattern.contains(std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR)
+        && fshelper::is_dir(Path::new(pattern))
+    {
+        print_error_and_exit!(
+            "The search pattern '{pattern}' contains a path-separation character ('{sep}') \
+             and will not lead to any search results.\n\n\
+             If you want to search for all files inside the '{pattern}' directory, use a match-all pattern:\n\n  \
+             fd . '{pattern}'\n\n\
+             Instead, if you want to search for the pattern in the full path, use:\n\n  \
+             fd --full-path '{pattern}'",
+            pattern = pattern,
+            sep = std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR,
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Treat pattern as literal string if '--fixed-strings' is used
+    let pattern_regex = if matches.is_present("fixed-strings") {
+        regex::escape(pattern)
+    } else {
+        String::from(pattern)
+    };
 
     // The search will be case-sensitive if the command line flag is set or
     // if the pattern has an uppercase character (smart case).
-    let case_sensitive = matches.is_present("case-sensitive") ||
+    let case_sensitive = !matches.is_present("ignore-case")
-                         pattern.chars().any(char::is_uppercase);
+        && (matches.is_present("case-sensitive") || pattern_has_uppercase_char(&pattern_regex));
 
-    let colored_output = !matches.is_present("no-color") &&
+    let colored_output = match matches.value_of("color") {
-                         atty::is(Stream::Stdout);
+        Some("always") => true,
+        Some("never") => false,
+        _ => atty::is(Stream::Stdout),
+    };
 
-    let ls_colors =
+    #[cfg(windows)]
-        if colored_output {
+    let colored_output = colored_output && ansi_term::enable_ansi_support().is_ok();
-            Some(
+
-                env::var("LS_COLORS")
+    let ls_colors = if colored_output {
-                    .ok()
+        Some(LsColors::from_env().unwrap_or_default())
-                    .map(|val| LsColors::from_string(&val))
+    } else {
-                    .unwrap_or_default()
+        None
-            )
+    };
+
+    let command = matches
+        .values_of("exec")
+        .map(CommandTemplate::new)
+        .or_else(|| {
+            matches.values_of("exec-batch").map(|m| {
+                CommandTemplate::new_batch(m).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+                    print_error_and_exit!("{}", e);
+                })
+            })
+        });
+
+    let size_limits: Vec<SizeFilter> = matches
+        .values_of("size")
+        .map(|v| {
+            v.map(|sf| {
+                if let Some(f) = SizeFilter::from_string(sf) {
+                    return f;
+                }
+                print_error_and_exit!("'{}' is not a valid size constraint. See 'fd --help'.", sf);
+            })
+            .collect()
+        })
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| vec![]);
+
+    let now = time::SystemTime::now();
+    let mut time_constraints: Vec<TimeFilter> = Vec::new();
+    if let Some(t) = matches.value_of("changed-within") {
+        if let Some(f) = TimeFilter::after(&now, t) {
+            time_constraints.push(f);
         } else {
-            None
+            print_error_and_exit!("'{}' is not a valid date or duration. See 'fd --help'.", t);
-        };
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(t) = matches.value_of("changed-before") {
+        if let Some(f) = TimeFilter::before(&now, t) {
+            time_constraints.push(f);
+        } else {
+            print_error_and_exit!("'{}' is not a valid date or duration. See 'fd --help'.", t);
+        }
+    }
 
     let config = FdOptions {
-        case_sensitive:    case_sensitive,
+        case_sensitive,
-        search_full_path:  matches.is_present("full-path"),
+        search_full_path: matches.is_present("full-path"),
-        ignore_hidden:     !matches.is_present("hidden"),
+        ignore_hidden: !(matches.is_present("hidden")
-        read_ignore:       !matches.is_present("no-ignore"),
+            || matches.occurrences_of("rg-alias-hidden-ignore") >= 2),
-        follow_links:      matches.is_present("follow"),
+        read_fdignore: !(matches.is_present("no-ignore")
-        max_depth:         matches.value_of("depth")
+            || matches.is_present("rg-alias-hidden-ignore")),
-                                   .and_then(|ds| usize::from_str_radix(ds, 10).ok()),
+        read_vcsignore: !(matches.is_present("no-ignore")
-        path_display:      if matches.is_present("absolute-path") || root_dir_is_absolute {
+            || matches.is_present("rg-alias-hidden-ignore")
-                               PathDisplay::Absolute
+            || matches.is_present("no-ignore-vcs")),
-                           } else {
+        follow_links: matches.is_present("follow"),
-                               PathDisplay::Relative
+        null_separator: matches.is_present("null_separator"),
-                           },
+        max_depth: matches
-        ls_colors:         ls_colors
+            .value_of("depth")
+            .or_else(|| matches.value_of("rg-depth"))
+            .and_then(|n| usize::from_str_radix(n, 10).ok()),
+        threads: std::cmp::max(
+            matches
+                .value_of("threads")
+                .and_then(|n| usize::from_str_radix(n, 10).ok())
+                .unwrap_or_else(num_cpus::get),
+            1,
+        ),
+        max_buffer_time: matches
+            .value_of("max-buffer-time")
+            .and_then(|n| u64::from_str_radix(n, 10).ok())
+            .map(time::Duration::from_millis),
+        ls_colors,
+        file_types: matches.values_of("file-type").map(|values| {
+            let mut file_types = FileTypes::default();
+            for value in values {
+                match value {
+                    "f" | "file" => file_types.files = true,
+                    "d" | "directory" => file_types.directories = true,
+                    "l" | "symlink" => file_types.symlinks = true,
+                    "x" | "executable" => {
+                        file_types.executables_only = true;
+                        file_types.files = true;
+                    }
+                    "e" | "empty" => {
+                        file_types.empty_only = true;
+                    }
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If only 'empty' was specified, search for both files and directories:
+            if file_types.empty_only && !(file_types.files || file_types.directories) {
+                file_types.files = true;
+                file_types.directories = true;
+            }
+
+            file_types
+        }),
+        extensions: matches.values_of("extension").map(|exts| {
+            let patterns = exts
+                .map(|e| e.trim_left_matches('.'))
+                .map(|e| format!(r".\.{}$", regex::escape(e)));
+            match RegexSetBuilder::new(patterns)
+                .case_insensitive(true)
+                .build()
+            {
+                Ok(re) => re,
+                Err(err) => {
+                    print_error_and_exit!("{}", err.description());
+                }
+            }
+        }),
+        command: command.map(Arc::new),
+        exclude_patterns: matches
+            .values_of("exclude")
+            .map(|v| v.map(|p| String::from("!") + p).collect())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| vec![]),
+        ignore_files: matches
+            .values_of("ignore-file")
+            .map(|vs| vs.map(PathBuf::from).collect())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| vec![]),
+        size_constraints: size_limits,
+        time_constraints,
+        show_filesystem_errors: matches.is_present("show-errors"),
     };
 
-    let root = Path::new(ROOT_DIR);
+    match RegexBuilder::new(&pattern_regex)
-    let base = match config.path_display {
+        .case_insensitive(!config.case_sensitive)
-        PathDisplay::Relative => current_dir,
+        .dot_matches_new_line(true)
-        PathDisplay::Absolute => root
+        .build()
-    };
+    {
-
+        Ok(re) => walk::scan(&dir_vec, Arc::new(re), Arc::new(config)),
-    match RegexBuilder::new(pattern)
+        Err(err) => {
-              .case_insensitive(!config.case_sensitive)
+            print_error_and_exit!(
-              .build() {
+                "{}\nHint: You can use the '--fixed-strings' option to search for a \
-        Ok(re)   => scan(root_dir, &re, base, &config),
+                 literal string instead of a regular expression",
-        Err(err) => error(err.description())
+                err.description()
+            );
+        }
     }
 }

src/output.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
+use crate::exit_codes::ExitCode;
+use crate::internal::opts::FdOptions;
+use lscolors::{LsColors, Style};
+
+use std::io::{self, StdoutLock, Write};
+use std::path::{Component, Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use ansi_term;
+
+/// Remove the `./` prefix from a path.
+fn strip_current_dir(pathbuf: &PathBuf) -> &Path {
+    let mut iter = pathbuf.components();
+    let mut iter_next = iter.clone();
+    if iter_next.next() == Some(Component::CurDir) {
+        iter.next();
+    }
+    iter.as_path()
+}
+
+pub fn print_entry(
+    stdout: &mut StdoutLock,
+    entry: &PathBuf,
+    config: &FdOptions,
+    wants_to_quit: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
+) {
+    let path = if entry.is_absolute() {
+        entry.as_path()
+    } else {
+        strip_current_dir(entry)
+    };
+
+    let r = if let Some(ref ls_colors) = config.ls_colors {
+        print_entry_colorized(stdout, path, config, ls_colors, &wants_to_quit)
+    } else {
+        print_entry_uncolorized(stdout, path, config)
+    };
+
+    if r.is_err() {
+        // Probably a broken pipe. Exit gracefully.
+        process::exit(ExitCode::GeneralError.into());
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_entry_colorized(
+    stdout: &mut StdoutLock,
+    path: &Path,
+    config: &FdOptions,
+    ls_colors: &LsColors,
+    wants_to_quit: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let default_style = ansi_term::Style::default();
+
+    // Traverse the path and colorize each component
+    for (component, style) in ls_colors.style_for_path_components(path) {
+        let style = style
+            .map(Style::to_ansi_term_style)
+            .unwrap_or(default_style);
+
+        write!(stdout, "{}", style.paint(component.to_string_lossy()))?;
+
+        if wants_to_quit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+            writeln!(stdout)?;
+            process::exit(ExitCode::KilledBySigint.into());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if config.null_separator {
+        write!(stdout, "\0")
+    } else {
+        writeln!(stdout)
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_entry_uncolorized(
+    stdout: &mut StdoutLock,
+    path: &Path,
+    config: &FdOptions,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let separator = if config.null_separator { "\0" } else { "\n" };
+
+    let path_str = path.to_string_lossy();
+    write!(stdout, "{}{}", path_str, separator)
+}

src/walk.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
+use crate::exec;
+use crate::exit_codes::ExitCode;
+use crate::fshelper;
+use crate::internal::{opts::FdOptions, MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH};
+use crate::output;
+
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::io;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::process;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Receiver, Sender};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::thread;
+use std::time;
+
+use ignore::overrides::OverrideBuilder;
+use ignore::{self, WalkBuilder};
+use regex::Regex;
+
+/// The receiver thread can either be buffering results or directly streaming to the console.
+enum ReceiverMode {
+    /// Receiver is still buffering in order to sort the results, if the search finishes fast
+    /// enough.
+    Buffering,
+
+    /// Receiver is directly printing results to the output.
+    Streaming,
+}
+
+/// The Worker threads can result in a valid entry having PathBuf or an error.
+pub enum WorkerResult {
+    Entry(PathBuf),
+    Error(ignore::Error),
+}
+
+/// Recursively scan the given search path for files / pathnames matching the pattern.
+///
+/// If the `--exec` argument was supplied, this will create a thread pool for executing
+/// jobs in parallel from a given command line and the discovered paths. Otherwise, each
+/// path will simply be written to standard output.
+pub fn scan(path_vec: &[PathBuf], pattern: Arc<Regex>, config: Arc<FdOptions>) {
+    let mut path_iter = path_vec.iter();
+    let first_path_buf = path_iter
+        .next()
+        .expect("Error: Path vector can not be empty");
+    let (tx, rx) = channel();
+
+    let mut override_builder = OverrideBuilder::new(first_path_buf.as_path());
+
+    for pattern in &config.exclude_patterns {
+        let res = override_builder.add(pattern);
+        if res.is_err() {
+            print_error_and_exit!("Malformed exclude pattern '{}'", pattern);
+        }
+    }
+    let overrides = override_builder.build().unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+        print_error_and_exit!("Mismatch in exclude patterns");
+    });
+
+    let mut walker = WalkBuilder::new(first_path_buf.as_path());
+    walker
+        .hidden(config.ignore_hidden)
+        .ignore(config.read_fdignore)
+        .parents(config.read_fdignore || config.read_vcsignore)
+        .git_ignore(config.read_vcsignore)
+        .git_global(config.read_vcsignore)
+        .git_exclude(config.read_vcsignore)
+        .overrides(overrides)
+        .follow_links(config.follow_links)
+        .max_depth(config.max_depth);
+
+    if config.read_fdignore {
+        walker.add_custom_ignore_filename(".fdignore");
+    }
+
+    for ignore_file in &config.ignore_files {
+        let result = walker.add_ignore(ignore_file);
+        match result {
+            Some(ignore::Error::Partial(_)) => (),
+            Some(err) => {
+                print_error!(
+                    "{}",
+                    format!(
+                        "Malformed pattern in custom ignore file '{}': {}.",
+                        ignore_file.to_string_lossy(),
+                        err.description()
+                    )
+                );
+            }
+            None => (),
+        }
+    }
+
+    for path_entry in path_iter {
+        walker.add(path_entry.as_path());
+    }
+
+    let parallel_walker = walker.threads(config.threads).build_parallel();
+
+    let wants_to_quit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+    if config.ls_colors.is_some() && config.command.is_none() {
+        let wq = Arc::clone(&wants_to_quit);
+        ctrlc::set_handler(move || {
+            wq.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    // Spawn the thread that receives all results through the channel.
+    let receiver_thread = spawn_receiver(&config, &wants_to_quit, rx);
+
+    // Spawn the sender threads.
+    spawn_senders(&config, &wants_to_quit, pattern, parallel_walker, tx);
+
+    // Wait for the receiver thread to print out all results.
+    receiver_thread.join().unwrap();
+
+    if wants_to_quit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+        process::exit(ExitCode::KilledBySigint.into());
+    }
+}
+
+fn spawn_receiver(
+    config: &Arc<FdOptions>,
+    wants_to_quit: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    rx: Receiver<WorkerResult>,
+) -> thread::JoinHandle<()> {
+    let config = Arc::clone(config);
+    let wants_to_quit = Arc::clone(wants_to_quit);
+
+    let show_filesystem_errors = config.show_filesystem_errors;
+    let threads = config.threads;
+
+    thread::spawn(move || {
+        // This will be set to `Some` if the `--exec` argument was supplied.
+        if let Some(ref cmd) = config.command {
+            if cmd.in_batch_mode() {
+                exec::batch(rx, cmd, show_filesystem_errors);
+            } else {
+                let shared_rx = Arc::new(Mutex::new(rx));
+
+                let out_perm = Arc::new(Mutex::new(()));
+
+                // Each spawned job will store it's thread handle in here.
+                let mut handles = Vec::with_capacity(threads);
+                for _ in 0..threads {
+                    let rx = Arc::clone(&shared_rx);
+                    let cmd = Arc::clone(cmd);
+                    let out_perm = Arc::clone(&out_perm);
+
+                    // Spawn a job thread that will listen for and execute inputs.
+                    let handle =
+                        thread::spawn(move || exec::job(rx, cmd, out_perm, show_filesystem_errors));
+
+                    // Push the handle of the spawned thread into the vector for later joining.
+                    handles.push(handle);
+                }
+
+                // Wait for all threads to exit before exiting the program.
+                for h in handles {
+                    h.join().unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            let start = time::Instant::now();
+
+            let mut buffer = vec![];
+
+            // Start in buffering mode
+            let mut mode = ReceiverMode::Buffering;
+
+            // Maximum time to wait before we start streaming to the console.
+            let max_buffer_time = config
+                .max_buffer_time
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+
+            let stdout = io::stdout();
+            let mut stdout = stdout.lock();
+
+            for worker_result in rx {
+                match worker_result {
+                    WorkerResult::Entry(value) => {
+                        match mode {
+                            ReceiverMode::Buffering => {
+                                buffer.push(value);
+
+                                // Have we reached the maximum buffer size or maximum buffering time?
+                                if buffer.len() > MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH
+                                    || time::Instant::now() - start > max_buffer_time
+                                {
+                                    // Flush the buffer
+                                    for v in &buffer {
+                                        output::print_entry(
+                                            &mut stdout,
+                                            v,
+                                            &config,
+                                            &wants_to_quit,
+                                        );
+                                    }
+                                    buffer.clear();
+
+                                    // Start streaming
+                                    mode = ReceiverMode::Streaming;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            ReceiverMode::Streaming => {
+                                output::print_entry(&mut stdout, &value, &config, &wants_to_quit);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    WorkerResult::Error(err) => {
+                        if show_filesystem_errors {
+                            print_error!("{}", err);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If we have finished fast enough (faster than max_buffer_time), we haven't streamed
+            // anything to the console, yet. In this case, sort the results and print them:
+            if !buffer.is_empty() {
+                buffer.sort();
+                for value in buffer {
+                    output::print_entry(&mut stdout, &value, &config, &wants_to_quit);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+fn spawn_senders(
+    config: &Arc<FdOptions>,
+    wants_to_quit: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    pattern: Arc<Regex>,
+    parallel_walker: ignore::WalkParallel,
+    tx: Sender<WorkerResult>,
+) {
+    parallel_walker.run(|| {
+        let config = Arc::clone(config);
+        let pattern = Arc::clone(&pattern);
+        let tx_thread = tx.clone();
+        let wants_to_quit = Arc::clone(wants_to_quit);
+
+        Box::new(move |entry_o| {
+            if wants_to_quit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                return ignore::WalkState::Quit;
+            }
+
+            let entry = match entry_o {
+                Ok(e) => e,
+                Err(err) => {
+                    tx_thread.send(WorkerResult::Error(err)).unwrap();
+                    return ignore::WalkState::Continue;
+                }
+            };
+
+            if entry.depth() == 0 {
+                return ignore::WalkState::Continue;
+            }
+
+            // Filter out unwanted file types.
+
+            if let Some(ref file_types) = config.file_types {
+                if let Some(ref entry_type) = entry.file_type() {
+                    if (!file_types.files && entry_type.is_file())
+                        || (!file_types.directories && entry_type.is_dir())
+                        || (!file_types.symlinks && entry_type.is_symlink())
+                        || (file_types.executables_only
+                            && !entry
+                                .metadata()
+                                .map(|m| fshelper::is_executable(&m))
+                                .unwrap_or(false))
+                        || (file_types.empty_only && !fshelper::is_empty(&entry))
+                    {
+                        return ignore::WalkState::Continue;
+                    } else if !(entry_type.is_file()
+                        || entry_type.is_dir()
+                        || entry_type.is_symlink())
+                    {
+                        // This is probably a block device, char device, fifo or socket. Skip it.
+                        return ignore::WalkState::Continue;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    return ignore::WalkState::Continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            let entry_path = entry.path();
+
+            // Filter out unwanted extensions.
+            if let Some(ref exts_regex) = config.extensions {
+                if let Some(path_str) = entry_path.file_name().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) {
+                    if !exts_regex.is_match(path_str) {
+                        return ignore::WalkState::Continue;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    return ignore::WalkState::Continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Filter out unwanted sizes if it is a file and we have been given size constraints.
+            if !config.size_constraints.is_empty() {
+                if entry_path.is_file() {
+                    if let Ok(metadata) = entry_path.metadata() {
+                        let file_size = metadata.len();
+                        if config
+                            .size_constraints
+                            .iter()
+                            .any(|sc| !sc.is_within(file_size))
+                        {
+                            return ignore::WalkState::Continue;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        return ignore::WalkState::Continue;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    return ignore::WalkState::Continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Filter out unwanted modification times
+            if !config.time_constraints.is_empty() {
+                let mut matched = false;
+                if entry_path.is_file() {
+                    if let Ok(metadata) = entry_path.metadata() {
+                        if let Ok(modified) = metadata.modified() {
+                            matched = config
+                                .time_constraints
+                                .iter()
+                                .all(|tf| tf.applies_to(&modified));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if !matched {
+                    return ignore::WalkState::Continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            let search_str_o = if config.search_full_path {
+                match fshelper::path_absolute_form(entry_path) {
+                    Ok(path_abs_buf) => Some(path_abs_buf.to_string_lossy().into_owned().into()),
+                    Err(_) => {
+                        print_error_and_exit!("Unable to retrieve absolute path.");
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                entry_path.file_name().map(|f| f.to_string_lossy())
+            };
+
+            if let Some(search_str) = search_str_o {
+                if pattern.is_match(&*search_str) {
+                    // TODO: take care of the unwrap call
+                    tx_thread
+                        .send(WorkerResult::Entry(entry_path.to_owned()))
+                        .unwrap()
+                }
+            }
+
+            ignore::WalkState::Continue
+        })
+    });
+}

tests/test.sh

@@ -1,213 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-SCRIPT_DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
-
-fd="${SCRIPT_DIR}/../target/debug/fd"
-
-export reset='\x1b[0m'
-export bold='\x1b[01m'
-export green='\x1b[32;01m'
-export red='\x1b[31;01m'
-
-set -eou pipefail
-
-suite() {
-    echo
-    echo -e "${bold}$1${reset}"
-    echo
-}
-
-expect() {
-    expected_output="$1"
-    shift
-
-    tmp_expected="$(mktemp)"
-    tmp_output="$(mktemp)"
-
-    echo "$expected_output" > "$tmp_expected"
-
-    "$fd" "$@" | sort > "$tmp_output"
-
-    echo -ne "  ${bold}▶${reset} Testing 'fd $*' ... "
-
-    if diff -q "$tmp_expected" "$tmp_output" > /dev/null; then
-        echo -e "${green}✓ okay${reset}"
-    else
-        echo -e "${red}❌FAILED${reset}"
-
-        echo -ne "\nShowing diff between ${red}expected${reset} and "
-        echo -e "${green}actual${reset} output:\n"
-
-        diff -C3 --label expected --label actual --color \
-            "$tmp_expected" "$tmp_output" || true
-        exit 1
-    fi
-}
-
-root=$(mktemp --directory)
-
-cd "$root"
-
-# Setup test environment
-
-mkdir -p one/two/three
-
-touch a.foo
-touch one/b.foo
-touch one/two/c.foo
-touch one/two/C.Foo
-touch one/two/three/d.foo
-mkdir one/two/three/directory_foo
-touch ignored.foo
-touch .hidden.foo
-ln -s one/two symlink
-
-echo "ignored.foo" > .ignore
-
-
-# Run the tests
-
-suite "Simple tests"
-expect "a.foo" a.foo
-expect "one/b.foo" b.foo
-expect "one/two/three/d.foo" d.foo
-expect "a.foo
-one/b.foo
-one/two/c.foo
-one/two/C.Foo
-one/two/three/d.foo
-one/two/three/directory_foo" foo
-expect "a.foo
-one
-one/b.foo
-one/two
-one/two/c.foo
-one/two/C.Foo
-one/two/three
-one/two/three/d.foo
-one/two/three/directory_foo
-symlink" # run 'fd' without arguments
-
-suite "Explicit root path"
-expect "one/b.foo
-one/two/c.foo
-one/two/C.Foo
-one/two/three/d.foo
-one/two/three/directory_foo" foo one
-expect "one/two/three/d.foo
-one/two/three/directory_foo" foo one/two/three
-(
-cd one/two
-expect "../../a.foo
-../b.foo
-c.foo
-C.Foo
-three/d.foo
-three/directory_foo" foo ../../
-)
-
-suite "Regex searches"
-expect "a.foo
-one/b.foo
-one/two/c.foo
-one/two/C.Foo" '[a-c].foo'
-expect "a.foo
-one/b.foo
-one/two/c.foo" --case-sensitive '[a-c].foo'
-
-
-
-suite "Smart case"
-expect "one/two/c.foo
-one/two/C.Foo" c.foo
-expect "one/two/C.Foo" C.Foo
-expect "one/two/C.Foo" Foo
-
-
-suite "Case-sensitivity (--case-sensitive)"
-expect "one/two/c.foo" --case-sensitive c.foo
-expect "one/two/C.Foo" --case-sensitive C.Foo
-
-
-suite "Full path search (--full-path)"
-expect "one/two/three/d.foo
-one/two/three/directory_foo" --full-path 'three.*foo'
-expect "a.foo" --full-path '^a\.foo$'
-
-
-suite "Hidden files (--hidden)"
-expect "a.foo
-.hidden.foo
-one/b.foo
-one/two/c.foo
-one/two/C.Foo
-one/two/three/d.foo
-one/two/three/directory_foo" --hidden foo
-
-
-suite "Ignored files (--no-ignore)"
-expect "a.foo
-ignored.foo
-one/b.foo
-one/two/c.foo
-one/two/C.Foo
-one/two/three/d.foo
-one/two/three/directory_foo" --no-ignore foo
-
-expect "a.foo
-.hidden.foo
-ignored.foo
-one/b.foo
-one/two/c.foo
-one/two/C.Foo
-one/two/three/d.foo
-one/two/three/directory_foo" --hidden --no-ignore foo
-
-
-suite "Symlinks (--follow)"
-expect "one/two/c.foo
-one/two/C.Foo
-symlink/c.foo
-symlink/C.Foo" --follow c.foo
-
-
-suite "Maximum depth (--max-depth)"
-expect "a.foo
-one
-one/b.foo
-one/two
-one/two/c.foo
-one/two/C.Foo
-one/two/three
-symlink" --max-depth 3
-expect "a.foo
-one
-one/b.foo
-one/two
-symlink" --max-depth 2
-expect "a.foo
-one
-symlink" --max-depth 1
-
-
-suite "Absolute paths (--absolute-path)"
-expect "$root/a.foo
-$root/one/b.foo
-$root/one/two/c.foo
-$root/one/two/C.Foo
-$root/one/two/three/d.foo
-$root/one/two/three/directory_foo" --absolute-path foo
-expect "$root/a.foo
-$root/one/b.foo
-$root/one/two/c.foo
-$root/one/two/C.Foo
-$root/one/two/three/d.foo
-$root/one/two/three/directory_foo" foo "$root"
-
-
-suite "Invalid UTF-8"
-touch "$(printf 'test-invalid-utf8-\xc3.txt')"
-expect "$(printf 'test-invalid-utf8-\ufffd.txt')" test-invalid-utf8
-
-# All done
-echo

tests/testenv/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 fd developers
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+// <LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>
+// or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>,
+// at your option. All files in the project carrying such
+// notice may not be copied, modified, or distributed except
+// according to those terms.
+
+use std;
+use std::env;
+use std::fs;
+use std::io;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process;
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+use std::os::unix;
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+use std::os::windows;
+
+use tempdir::TempDir;
+
+/// Environment for the integration tests.
+pub struct TestEnv {
+    /// Temporary working directory.
+    temp_dir: TempDir,
+
+    /// Path to the *fd* executable.
+    fd_exe: PathBuf,
+
+    /// Normalize each line by sorting the whitespace-separated words
+    normalize_line: bool,
+}
+
+/// Create the working directory and the test files.
+fn create_working_directory(
+    directories: &[&'static str],
+    files: &[&'static str],
+) -> Result<TempDir, io::Error> {
+    let temp_dir = TempDir::new("fd-tests")?;
+
+    {
+        let root = temp_dir.path();
+
+        // Pretend that this is a Git repository in order for `.gitignore` files to be respected
+        fs::create_dir_all(root.join(".git"))?;
+
+        for directory in directories {
+            fs::create_dir_all(root.join(directory))?;
+        }
+
+        for file in files {
+            fs::File::create(root.join(file))?;
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        unix::fs::symlink(root.join("one/two"), root.join("symlink"))?;
+
+        // Note: creating symlinks on Windows requires the `SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege` which
+        // is by default only granted for administrators.
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        windows::fs::symlink_dir(root.join("one/two"), root.join("symlink"))?;
+
+        fs::File::create(root.join(".fdignore"))?.write_all(b"fdignored.foo")?;
+
+        fs::File::create(root.join(".gitignore"))?.write_all(b"gitignored.foo")?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(temp_dir)
+}
+
+/// Find the *fd* executable.
+fn find_fd_exe() -> PathBuf {
+    // Tests exe is in target/debug/deps, the *fd* exe is in target/debug
+    let root = env::current_exe()
+        .expect("tests executable")
+        .parent()
+        .expect("tests executable directory")
+        .parent()
+        .expect("fd executable directory")
+        .to_path_buf();
+
+    let exe_name = if cfg!(windows) { "fd.exe" } else { "fd" };
+
+    root.join(exe_name)
+}
+
+/// Format an error message for when *fd* did not exit successfully.
+fn format_exit_error(args: &[&str], output: &process::Output) -> String {
+    format!(
+        "`fd {}` did not exit successfully.\nstdout:\n---\n{}---\nstderr:\n---\n{}---",
+        args.join(" "),
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+    )
+}
+
+/// Format an error message for when the output of *fd* did not match the expected output.
+fn format_output_error(args: &[&str], expected: &str, actual: &str) -> String {
+    // Generate diff text.
+    let diff_text = diff::lines(expected, actual)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|diff| match diff {
+            diff::Result::Left(l) => format!("-{}", l),
+            diff::Result::Both(l, _) => format!(" {}", l),
+            diff::Result::Right(r) => format!("+{}", r),
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .join("\n");
+
+    format!(
+        concat!(
+            "`fd {}` did not produce the expected output.\n",
+            "Showing diff between expected and actual:\n{}\n"
+        ),
+        args.join(" "),
+        diff_text
+    )
+}
+
+/// Normalize the output for comparison.
+fn normalize_output(s: &str, trim_left: bool, normalize_line: bool) -> String {
+    // Split into lines and normalize separators.
+    let mut lines = s
+        .replace('\0', "NULL\n")
+        .lines()
+        .map(|line| {
+            let line = if trim_left { line.trim_left() } else { line };
+            let line = line.replace('/', &std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR.to_string());
+            if normalize_line {
+                let mut words: Vec<_> = line.split_whitespace().collect();
+                words.sort();
+                return words.join(" ");
+            }
+            line
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    lines.sort();
+    lines.join("\n")
+}
+
+impl TestEnv {
+    pub fn new(directories: &[&'static str], files: &[&'static str]) -> TestEnv {
+        let temp_dir = create_working_directory(directories, files).expect("working directory");
+        let fd_exe = find_fd_exe();
+
+        TestEnv {
+            temp_dir,
+            fd_exe,
+            normalize_line: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn normalize_line(self, normalize: bool) -> TestEnv {
+        TestEnv {
+            temp_dir: self.temp_dir,
+            fd_exe: self.fd_exe,
+            normalize_line: normalize,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the root directory for the tests.
+    pub fn test_root(&self) -> PathBuf {
+        self.temp_dir.path().to_path_buf()
+    }
+
+    /// Get the root directory of the file system.
+    pub fn system_root(&self) -> PathBuf {
+        let mut components = self.temp_dir.path().components();
+        PathBuf::from(components.next().expect("root directory").as_os_str())
+    }
+
+    /// Assert that calling *fd* with the specified arguments produces the expected output.
+    pub fn assert_output(&self, args: &[&str], expected: &str) {
+        self.assert_output_subdirectory(".", args, expected)
+    }
+
+    /// Assert that calling *fd* in the specified path under the root working directory,
+    /// and with the specified arguments produces the expected output.
+    pub fn assert_output_subdirectory<P: AsRef<Path>>(
+        &self,
+        path: P,
+        args: &[&str],
+        expected: &str,
+    ) {
+        // Setup *fd* command.
+        let mut cmd = process::Command::new(&self.fd_exe);
+        cmd.current_dir(self.temp_dir.path().join(path));
+        cmd.args(args);
+
+        // Run *fd*.
+        let output = cmd.output().expect("fd output");
+
+        // Check for exit status.
+        if !output.status.success() {
+            panic!(format_exit_error(args, &output));
+        }
+
+        // Normalize both expected and actual output.
+        let expected = normalize_output(expected, true, self.normalize_line);
+        let actual = normalize_output(
+            &String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout),
+            false,
+            self.normalize_line,
+        );
+
+        // Compare actual output to expected output.
+        if expected != actual {
+            panic!(format_output_error(args, &expected, &actual));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Assert that calling *fd* with the specified arguments produces the expected error.
+    pub fn assert_error(&self, args: &[&str], expected: &str) {
+        self.assert_error_subdirectory(".", args, expected)
+    }
+
+    /// Assert that calling *fd* in the specified path under the root working directory,
+    /// and with the specified arguments produces an error with the expected message.
+    fn assert_error_subdirectory<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, path: P, args: &[&str], expected: &str) {
+        // Setup *fd* command.
+        let mut cmd = process::Command::new(&self.fd_exe);
+        cmd.current_dir(self.temp_dir.path().join(path));
+        cmd.args(args);
+
+        // Run *fd*.
+        let output = cmd.output().expect("fd output");
+
+        // Check for exit status.
+        if output.status.success() {
+            panic!("error '{}' did not occur.", expected);
+        }
+
+        // Compare actual output to expected output.
+        let actual = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+        if !actual.starts_with(expected) {
+            panic!(format_output_error(args, &expected, &actual));
+        }
+    }
+}