developer-roadmap/src/data/question-groups/full-stack/content/database-migrations.md

1. Version Control: Track migrations using tools like Flyway, Liquibase, or Sequelize.

2. Create Safe Migration Scripts:

   • Avoid destructive changes like dropping columns immediately
   • Break migrations into additive steps:
     • Add new columns
     • Backfill data
     • Remove old columns later

3. Testing:

   • Test migrations in a staging environment with a copy of production data

4. Rollback Plans:

   • Write scripts to revert migrations in case of failure

5. Zero-Downtime Deployment:

   • Use techniques like dual writes and feature flags to ensure smooth transitions