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Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Susana Ferreira
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50ecd6959f |
feat: add a source filter to the AI model price list (#28329)
## Description With prices from the price book and prices set through the API both in the table, `list` showed only the price in effect and gave no way to tell where it came from. There was also no way to see the price book's entry for a model that had been overridden, since the listing resolves to the custom price. This adds a `source` column to the output and a `--source` filter for narrowing to one source, or to every row with `all`. Note: `--source` selects rows rather than models. A model carrying both a price book price and a custom one appears under either value, so the two filtered listings do not sum to the unfiltered one. `--source all` reports both rows at once. ## Changes - Add `Source` to `codersdk.AIModelPrice` and `AIModelPricesFilter`, and map it in `db2sdk`, which previously dropped it. - Filter `GetAIModelPrices` by source before resolution, so the price book's row for an overridden model stays reachable. - Accept `all` as a source, which reports every price a model holds instead of resolving to one. - Accept a `source` query parameter on the list endpoint, rejected with a 400 when outside the enum. - Add `--source` to the list command and a `source` column to its output. - Document the column and the filter, and lead the price section with `coder exp ai-model-prices list`. - Distinguish a deployment's default prices from the price book that ships with each release. Closes https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-593 > [!NOTE] > Initially generated by Claude Opus 5, modified and reviewed by @ssncferreira |
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Susana Ferreira
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9390e51422 |
feat: distinguish default and custom AI model prices (#28204)
## Description Prices in `ai_model_prices` come from two places: the price book embedded in each Coder release, and prices set through the experimental CLI (https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/27926). Until now, they were indistinguishable, so the startup seeder re-applied the book over every row, and a price someone set would silently revert on the next restart. This adds a `source` column with values `default` and `custom`, and keeps a row for each. Readers resolve a model to its custom price when one exists and fall back to the book, including the cost path that prices an interception. Keeping both rows means the price book stays current underneath an override, so a future delete can restore it. Note: the endpoint still only accepts models the price book does not cover. Overriding a price the book already carries is handled by the follow-up issue https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-594. ## Changes - Add a migration for the `ai_model_price_source` enum and a `source` column, backfilled to `default` and then `NOT NULL`. `source` joins the primary key, so a model can hold one row per source. - Take a `source` parameter on `UpsertAIModelPrices`. Each source keeps its own row, so the price book and a custom price never overwrite each other. - Resolve to the custom price in `GetAIModelPriceByProviderModel` and `GetAIModelPrices`, so both the interception cost snapshot and the list endpoint use it. - Seed the price book as `default`, and write prices set through the endpoint as `custom`. Closes https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-592 > [!NOTE] > Initially generated by Claude Opus 5, modified and reviewed by @ssncferreira |
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Susana Ferreira
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2d9b6eda8f |
feat: add experimental CLI to price unpriced AI models (#27926)
## Description AI Gateway computes the cost of an interception from `ai_model_prices`, which is seeded on every server start from a price book embedded in the binary. A model the price book does not cover records a NULL cost, so its spend is invisible to cost reporting and is not enforced against budgets. The only fix was to wait for a Coder release that added the model. This adds an experimental CLI, backed by an experimental HTTP endpoint, for pricing those models. Models the price book already covers are rejected, because the seeder re-applies the book on every start and would overwrite an operator price. Support for custom pricing will be handled in https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-589/extend-experimental-cli-command-to-set-custom-ai-model-prices. ## Commands ``` coder exp ai-model-prices list [--provider] [--model] coder exp ai-model-prices update [file|-] [--provider] [--model] [--input-price] [--output-price] [--cache-read-price] [--cache-write-price] [--yes] ``` ## Changes - Add `GET` and `POST /api/experimental/ai/model-prices`, gated behind the AI Bridge entitlement and the existing `ai_model_price` RBAC resource. - Add a `GetAIModelPrices` query with optional `provider` and `model` filters applied in SQL. - Validate the whole request before writing anything, so one bad entry cannot leave the table half updated, and report every problem at once. - Reject prices for models the embedded price book already covers, through a new `prices.IsDefaultPriced`. - Add the `coder exp ai-model-prices` command with `list` and `update`. `update` accepts a JSON document or the single-model flags and prints a plan, asking to confirm unless the document is piped in or `--yes` is passed. - Consolidate the supported provider list into `coderd/aibridge/prices/providers` so the price generator and the server share one definition. - Add `codersdk` types and client methods for both endpoints, and bound the request body at 1 MiB. - Document the command in the AI Gateway cost controls page. Closes https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-567/experimental-cli-command-to-set-prices-for-unpriced-ai-models > [!NOTE] > Initially generated by Claude Opus 5, modified and reviewed by @ssncferreira |
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Susana Ferreira
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5efa7abe7d |
fix: only write AI model prices that changed (#27923)
Previously, the AI Gateway price seeder rewrote every row of `ai_model_prices` on each server start, because `ON CONFLICT` fires on a key conflict rather than on a value difference. `updated_at` therefore recorded when the server last restarted rather than when a price last changed. Guard the `DO UPDATE` branch so a conflicting row is only rewritten when one of its four prices differs. The comparison uses `IS DISTINCT FROM` rather than `<>` because the price columns are nullable, and `<>` yields NULL when either side is NULL, which would skip the update and leave a stale price in place. Related to https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-567/experimental-cli-command-to-set-prices-for-unpriced-ai-models > [!NOTE] > Initially generated by Claude Opus 5, modified and reviewed by @ssncferreira |
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Susana Ferreira
|
0b4095085e |
fix: report combined member limit in group AI spend (#27589)
## Problem The organization groups page showed each group's AI budget as the group's per-member limit, so the total it displayed was effectively group members × group budget. That ignores per-user budget overrides charged to the group, so a group where one member has an override reported a limit that doesn't match what its members can actually spend. ## Changes - Add `total_spend_limit_micros` to the organization groups AI spend payload, the combined budget of the members attributed to the group, with each member's override replacing their share. - Return `null` for the total when the group has no budget, since its members spend without a cap. - Both the organization groups and single group spend endpoints report the new field, as they share the same query. - Use the total as the denominator on the groups page AI budget column. Depends on #27568 |
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Susana Ferreira
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c3895ff9c0 |
feat: add CSV export for AI spend data (#27491)
## Description
Adds `GET /api/v2/organizations/{organization}/ai/spend/export`,
returning `text/csv` with per-user, per-group, per-model, per-provider
aggregated AI spend. The data is built from the raw AI Gateway token
usage tables rather than the `ai_user_daily_spend` rollup, but stays
consistent with it: spend is attributed through the token usage's
effective group and bucketed by the token usage `created_at`, the same
values the daily rollup derives from.
The period defaults to the current UTC month, narrowed to the configured
AI Gateway retention window when the month begins before retained data
does. Explicit `period_start`/`period_end` params must be provided
together, are interpreted as UTC, and may span at most 31 days. Unlike
the default period, an explicit period that begins before the retention
window is rejected rather than narrowed. Every row echoes the applied
bounds, so a narrowed window is visible in the export.
The endpoint requires organization-level admin permissions.
## Changes
- Add the `ExportOrganizationAISpend` query aggregating
`aibridge_token_usages` joined to `aibridge_interceptions`, scoped to
the organization via the effective group, resolving the username, group
name, and organization name alongside their IDs.
- Add the `exportOrganizationAISpend` handler and route, gated by the
`aigateway-cost-control` experiment and the `AIBridge` feature,
returning the CSV in a single response.
- Add the `ExportOrganizationAISpend` codersdk client method.
- Require organization-wide `ResourceGroupMember` read, since the export
aggregates every user in the organization. The per-row filter stays in
`dbauthz` as defence in depth.
- Escape leading formula characters in the free-text columns, so a model
or provider name recorded from an intercepted request cannot be
evaluated when the CSV is opened in a spreadsheet.
- Add an index on `aibridge_token_usages (effective_group_id,
created_at)`, which the period and group predicates otherwise cannot
use.
Closes
https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-293/add-csv-export-for-ai-spend-data
> [!NOTE]
> Generated by Coder Agents on behalf of @ssncferreira
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Susana Ferreira
|
c351280a37 |
feat: add Prometheus metrics for AI Governance cost control (#27490)
## Description Adds Prometheus metrics for AI budget cost control, emitted by the aibridged server under the `cost_control` subsystem (full names are prefixed `coder_ai_gateway_`). - `blocked_requests_total` (counter) — labels: `group_id` - `blocked_users` (gauge) — labels: `group_id` - `unpriced_requests_total` (counter) — labels: `provider`, `model` - `enforcement_duration_seconds` (histogram) — labels: `outcome` ## Changes - Add `GetOverBudgetUsersPerGroup` query (plus dbauthz/dbmetrics/dbmock wiring) to count over-budget users per effective group. - Add a background collector that refreshes the `blocked_users` gauge on an interval, started only when Prometheus is enabled. - Wire `Metrics` through the aibridged server, coderd API, `cli/server.go`, and the enterprise AI gateway handler; recording is nil-safe when metrics are unset. Closes https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-296/add-prometheus-metrics-for-cost-control > [!NOTE] > Initially generated by Claude Opus 4.7, modified and reviewed by @ssncferreira |
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Susana Ferreira
|
c23f2c0223 |
feat: fall back to the Everyone group for AI spend attribution (#27364)
## Description Previously, a user with no per-user override and no membership in a budgeted group had no effective group, so their AI spend was attributed nowhere and was, therefore, untracked. This change falls back to the organization's Everyone group when no override or group budget applies. Since every user in an organization is implicitly a member of that org's Everyone group, spend is now attributed and tracked for any user with organization membership. A user with no organization membership resolves to no group, so their daily spend is not incremented and a warning is logged. The fallback is unlimited, so enforcement is unaffected: only override and group budgets can block requests. For users in multiple organizations, an existing budget on any Everyone group is still chosen by the "highest" policy; when none is budgeted, the fallback prefers the default org, then orders by organization name. ## Changes - Add `ResolveUserEffectiveGroup` and the `GetUserEveryoneFallbackGroup` query: resolve override → group budget → Everyone group fallback. - Attribute token-usage spend and the user AI spend endpoint via the fallback, so unbudgeted users resolve to their Everyone group instead of null. - Update `GetGroupMembersAISpend` to surface the Everyone fallback as the effective group. - Update `GetHighestGroupAIBudgetByUser` to break ties by organization name then group name, keeping multi-org resolution deterministic and consistent with the fallback. - For multi-org users with no budget anywhere, the fallback picks the Everyone group deterministically: prefer the default org, then order by organization name. Closes https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-509/fall-back-to-the-everyone-group-for-spend-attribution > [!NOTE] > Initially generated by Claude Opus 4.7, modified and reviewed by @ssncferreira |
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Susana Ferreira
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a9fdf87a2f |
feat: add GET /groups/{group}/members/ai/spend (#27130)
## Description
Adds `GET /api/v2/groups/{group}/members/ai/spend?user_ids=...` (also available org-scoped at `/api/v2/organizations/{org}/groups/{groupName}/members/ai/spend`) to return per-member AI spend attributed to a group, along with each member's effective budget group and the applied spend limit when the queried group is their effective budget source.
In the UI, this endpoint is used alongside the existing `/api/v2/groups/{group}/members` endpoint. AI spend data is kept separate from that endpoint so that:
- Different concepts stay on different endpoints: identity (group members) vs. cost control (spend). Cost control is an additional feature layered on top of groups/orgs.
- Callers that don't need spend information don't pay for its computation.
UI flow:
1. Request `/api/v2/groups/{group}/members` → returns the group's members.
2. Request `/api/v2/groups/{group}/members/ai/spend?user_ids=...` with the IDs from step 1.
**Note:** Only current members of the queried group are returned. `spend_limit_micros` and `limit_source` are populated only when the queried group is the member's effective budget source (its own limit or a user override). `effective_group_id` is null when the member's budget resolves to a group in another organization, since an organization is treated as a tenant boundary.
<img width="2880" height="1904" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/33ed395d-d1a3-4b46-bb04-c8d3f41c8886" />
## Changes
- Add `codersdk.GroupMembersAISpend` and `GroupMemberAISpend` types, reusing the shared `AISpendPeriodWindow`.
- Add `GetGroupMembersAISpend` SQL query with a dbauthz per-row filter that mirrors `GET /api/v2/groups/{group}/members`.
- Add handler and routes under `/groups/{group}/members/ai/spend` (and the org-scoped alias) with a required `user_ids` query param (cap 100). Callers with more than 100 members are expected to batch across multiple requests.
- Add codersdk client method.
- Tests: dbauthz, raw SQL, endpoint, and role-access.
Closes https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-471/backend-group-members-endpoint-with-members-spend
> [!NOTE]
> Initially generated by Claude Opus 4.7, modified and reviewed by @ssncferreira
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Susana Ferreira
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2adc8f5272 |
feat: add GET /organizations/{org}/groups/ai/spend (#27123)
## Description
Adds `GET /api/v2/organizations/{org}/groups/ai/spend?group_ids=...` to return per-group AI spend and configured limits for a set of groups in an organization.
In the UI, this endpoint is used alongside the existing `/api/v2/organizations/{org}/groups` endpoint. AI spend data is kept separate from that endpoint so that:
- Different concepts stay on different endpoints: identity (groups) vs. cost control (spend). Cost control is an additional feature layered on top of groups/orgs.
- Callers that don't need spend information don't pay for its computation.
UI flow:
1. Request `/api/v2/organizations/{org}/groups` → returns the organization's groups.
2. Request `/api/v2/organizations/{org}/groups/ai/spend?group_ids=...` with the IDs from step 1.
The groups endpoint from 1) is currently not paginated, but if pagination is added later, this design keeps the two responses in sync. This spend endpoint intentionally takes `group_ids` rather than paginating on its own, since it depends on the group set from step 1. Pagination could be added in the future, especially for Cost Control-focused pages.
<img width="2880" height="1460" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ea83b74d-6a4f-45a6-af2f-1024e019da07" />
## Changes
- Add `codersdk.OrganizationGroupsAISpend` and `OrganizationGroupAISpend` types, plus a shared `AISpendPeriodWindow` embedded in the spend response.
- Add `GetOrganizationGroupsAISpend` SQL query with a dbauthz per-row filter that mirrors `GET /organizations/{org}/groups`.
- Add handler and route under `/organizations/{organization}/groups/ai/spend` with a required `group_ids` query param (cap 100). Callers with more than 100 groups are expected to batch across multiple requests.
- Add codersdk client method.
- Tests: dbauthz, raw SQL, endpoint, and role-access.
Closes https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-466/backend-organization-groups-endpoint-with-groups-spend
> [!NOTE]
> Initially generated by Claude Opus 4.7, modified and reviewed by @ssncferreira
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Susana Ferreira
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fcdd029d74 |
feat: add ai_user_daily_spend table and queries (#26562)
## Description Adds the spend tracking table and queries needed by [AIGOV-427](https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-427/add-post-response-spend-accumulation) (post-response accumulation) and [AIGOV-428](https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-428/add-pre-request-budget-enforcement) (pre-request enforcement). ## Changes - Add `ai_user_daily_spend` table to aggregate per-user, per-effective-group AI spend by UTC day. - Add `UpsertUserAIDailySpend` and `GetUserAISpendSince` queries. Closes https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-426/add-daily-spend-table-and-queries > [!NOTE] > Initially generated by Claude Opus 4.7, modified and reviewed by @ssncferreira |
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Yevhenii Shcherbina
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1cada0649c |
feat(coderd): resolve effective user AI budget (#26142)
Closes https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-287/add-effective-group-resolution Implements the effective AI budget resolution from the AI Governance cost-controls RFC: for a given user, a `user_ai_budget_overrides` row wins if present, otherwise the deployment budget policy (`highest`) picks the largest group budget across the user's groups, ties broken alphabetically. For now, I keep the logic under `coderd/aibridge/budget`, but that may change during the implementation of budget enforcement. |
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Yevhenii Shcherbina
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1a91d31793 |
feat: add user AI budget override endpoints (#25439)
Implements https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-285 Follow the structure established in https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/25203 ## Summary Adds the `user_ai_budget_overrides` table and CRUD API at `/api/v2/users/{user}/ai/budget`. An override sets a custom per-user spend cap that supersedes group-budget resolution, attributing spend to a specific group. ## Schema ```sql CREATE TABLE user_ai_budget_overrides ( user_id UUID PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, group_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES groups(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, spend_limit_micros BIGINT NOT NULL CHECK (spend_limit_micros >= 0), created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(), updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW() ); ``` ## Membership lifecycle The membership invariant — a user must be a member of the attributed group, including when that group is "Everyone" — would naturally be expressed as a composite FK on `(user_id, group_id) → group_members_expanded(user_id, group_id)`. PostgreSQL doesn't allow foreign keys to reference views, so enforcement is split across two mechanisms: - **Write-time check.** A CHECK constraint on the table (`user_ai_budget_overrides_must_be_group_member`) calls a `STABLE` function `is_group_member(user_id, group_id)` that queries `group_members_expanded`. The view surfaces both regular group memberships and the implicit "Everyone" group memberships from `organization_members`. Any INSERT or UPDATE that violates the predicate is rejected with a Postgres `check_violation`, which the handler maps to a 400. `is_group_member` is defined as a general predicate, reusable by any future table that needs the same check. - **Cascade on removal.** Two `BEFORE DELETE` triggers handle membership loss: - `trigger_delete_user_ai_budget_overrides_on_group_member_delete` on `group_members` — covers regular group removals (admin action, OIDC sync). - `trigger_delete_user_ai_budget_overrides_on_org_member_delete` on `organization_members` — covers the "Everyone" group, whose membership lives in `organization_members`. The single-column FKs on `users(id)` and `groups(id)` remain to cascade on user or group deletion (those paths don't pass through `group_members`). ## Authorization The dbauthz layer gates each operation against the `User` and (for writes) `Group` resources: | Operation | User resource | Group resource | |-----------|----------------|----------------| | `GET` | `ActionRead` | — | | `PUT` | `ActionUpdate` | `ActionUpdate` | | `DELETE` | `ActionUpdate` | `ActionUpdate` | For `DELETE`, the dbauthz layer fetches the existing override first to learn the attributed `group_id`, then runs both checks. ### Role matrix | Role | GET | PUT | DELETE | |--------------|-----|-----|--------| | Owner | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | | UserAdmin | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | | OrgAdmin | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | | OrgUserAdmin | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | Internal discussion: https://codercom.slack.com/archives/C096PFVBZKN/p1779392747885359 ## Audit logs Audit logs will be addressed in a follow-up PR. |
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Yevhenii Shcherbina
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238968cfa0 |
feat: add per-group AI budget table and endpoints (#25203)
Closes https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-284/add-group-budgets-table-and-crud-api ## Summary Adds the `group_ai_budgets` table and the following endpoints: - `GET /api/v2/groups/{group}/ai/budget` - `PUT /api/v2/groups/{group}/ai/budget` - `DELETE /api/v2/groups/{group}/ai/budget` Each group may have at most one budget row. If no row exists, no budget is enforced. ### Feature gate Added `RequireFeatureMW(FeatureAIBridge)` on the `/ai/budget` sub-route. ## RBAC Authorization reuses `rbac.ResourceGroup` with the existing `.InOrganization(...).WithID(...)` scoping model. The `dbauthz` wrappers load the parent `groups` row and authorize against it. No new resource type is introduced. As a result, anyone with `group:update` permissions (Owner, OrgAdmin, or UserAdmin within the organization) can manage AI budgets for that group. ## Read access for group members `database.Group.RBACObject()` grants `policy.ActionRead` to all members of the group through the group ACL: ```go func (g Group) RBACObject() rbac.Object { return rbac.ResourceGroup.WithID(g.ID). InOrg(g.OrganizationID). // Group members can read the group. WithGroupACL(map[string][]policy.Action{ g.ID.String(): { policy.ActionRead, }, }) } ``` Because the `GET` endpoint authorizes against the same loaded `Group` object, any group member can call: ```text GET /api/v2/groups/{group}/ai/budget ``` `PUT` and `DELETE` remain admin-only. The group ACL grants only `ActionRead`, so write operations continue to require role-based `group:update` permissions. ## Alternative considered A dedicated `rbac.ResourceGroupAiBudget` resource would allow budget management to be separated from general group administration. We decided not to add that complexity for now. |
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Yevhenii Shcherbina
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4124d1137d |
feat: add ai_model_prices table (#24932)
# Summary Implements https://linear.app/codercom/issue/AIGOV-282/add-ai-model-price-table-and-seed-generator This PR lays the groundwork for AI Bridge cost controls (per the AI Governance RFC). It adds the foundation needed for future cost tracking: a place to store per-model token prices, a way to keep those prices in sync with upstream pricing data, and a startup mechanism that ensures every deployment has prices loaded before AI Bridge starts processing requests. The price data comes from [models.dev](https://models.dev/), a community-maintained catalogue of AI provider pricing. A generator script fetches the latest prices, filters to Anthropic and OpenAI for now, and produces a seed file checked into the repository. On every server startup the seed is applied to the database, so new releases automatically pick up any price corrections that landed since the previous one. Existing rows are overwritten with the latest prices; rows for models no longer in the seed are left untouched. # Batching the AI model price seed: three approaches Context: at server startup we seed the `ai_model_prices` table from an embedded JSON price book (~70 rows today, will grow as we add providers, potentially 4000+). Each row is: ```text (provider, model, input_price, output_price, cache_read_price, cache_write_price) ``` Any of the four price columns can be: - `NULL` → “price unknown for this dimension” - explicit `0` → “free” The batch must be an UPSERT so re-running is idempotent and existing rows pick up new prices. We considered three implementations. --- ## Approach 1 — Per-row UPSERT in a Go loop ```go for _, row := range rows { if err := db.UpsertAIModelPrice(ctx, database.UpsertAIModelPriceParams{ Provider: row.Provider, Model: row.Model, InputPrice: nullInt64(row.InputPrice), // ... }); err != nil { return err } } ``` ### Pros - Trivial. - NULL handling falls out naturally from `sql.NullInt64`. ### Cons - `N` round-trips per seed. - With ~70 rows that means ~70 statement executions on every startup, even inside a transaction. - Doesn't scale gracefully as the price book grows, potentially 4000+. --- ## Approach 2 — `UNNEST` with parallel arrays Pass each column as a separate Go slice. Postgres unnests them in parallel into a virtual table, then `INSERT ... SELECT`. ```sql INSERT INTO ai_model_prices ( provider, model, input_price, output_price, cache_read_price, cache_write_price ) SELECT UNNEST(@providers::text[]), UNNEST(@models::text[]), NULLIF(UNNEST(@input_prices::bigint[]), -1), NULLIF(UNNEST(@output_prices::bigint[]), -1), NULLIF(UNNEST(@cache_read_prices::bigint[]), -1), NULLIF(UNNEST(@cache_write_prices::bigint[]), -1) ON CONFLICT (provider, model) DO UPDATE SET input_price = EXCLUDED.input_price, output_price = EXCLUDED.output_price, cache_read_price = EXCLUDED.cache_read_price, cache_write_price = EXCLUDED.cache_write_price, updated_at = NOW(); ``` Go side: flatten rows into six parallel slices. Use a sentinel (`-1`) for “missing”, since `lib/pq` can't encode `NULL` into a `bigint[]` element. ```go providers := make([]string, len(rows)) models := make([]string, len(rows)) inputs := make([]int64, len(rows)) outputs := make([]int64, len(rows)) cacheR := make([]int64, len(rows)) cacheW := make([]int64, len(rows)) for i, r := range rows { providers[i] = r.Provider models[i] = r.Model inputs[i] = -1 if r.InputPrice != nil { inputs[i] = *r.InputPrice } outputs[i] = -1 if r.OutputPrice != nil { outputs[i] = *r.OutputPrice } cacheR[i] = -1 if r.CacheReadPrice != nil { cacheR[i] = *r.CacheReadPrice } cacheW[i] = -1 if r.CacheWritePrice != nil { cacheW[i] = *r.CacheWritePrice } } return db.UpsertAIModelPrices(ctx, database.UpsertAIModelPricesParams{ Providers: providers, Models: models, InputPrices: inputs, OutputPrices: outputs, CacheReadPrices: cacheR, CacheWritePrices: cacheW, }) ``` ### Pros - Single round-trip. ### Cons - The generated `sqlc` params become plain `[]int64`, which can't represent `NULL`. --- ## Approach 3 — `jsonb_array_elements` over a single `@seed::jsonb` (chosen) Pass the raw seed JSON as one parameter; let Postgres expand and parse it. ```sql INSERT INTO ai_model_prices ( provider, model, input_price, output_price, cache_read_price, cache_write_price ) SELECT elem->>'provider', elem->>'model', (elem->>'input_price')::bigint, (elem->>'output_price')::bigint, (elem->>'cache_read_price')::bigint, (elem->>'cache_write_price')::bigint FROM jsonb_array_elements(@seed::jsonb) AS elem ON CONFLICT (provider, model) DO UPDATE SET input_price = EXCLUDED.input_price, output_price = EXCLUDED.output_price, cache_read_price = EXCLUDED.cache_read_price, cache_write_price = EXCLUDED.cache_write_price, updated_at = NOW(); ``` Go side reduces to: ```go return db.UpsertAIModelPrices(ctx, seedJSON) ``` ### Pros - Single round-trip. - NULLs fall out naturally: - `(elem->>'cache_write_price')::bigint` becomes `NULL` - no sentinels - The seed is already JSON: - Existing precedent: - `jsonb_array_elements` is already used elsewhere in the codebase ### Cons - Less type-safe at the SQL boundary than `UNNEST` - Slightly less standard than `UNNEST` - Readers need familiarity with: - `jsonb_array_elements` - `->>` extraction syntax - Postgres pays JSON parse cost - negligible at our scale --- --- # Decision We picked Approach 3. It collapses the round-trips like `UNNEST` does, but without: - nullable-array workarounds - sentinel values |