fix: set prebuilds lifecycle parameters on creation and claim (#19252)

## Description

This PR ensures that prebuilt workspaces are properly excluded from the
lifecycle executor and treated as a separate class of workspaces, fully
managed by the prebuild reconciliation loop.

It introduces two lifecycle guarantees:
* When a prebuilt workspace is created (i.e., when the workspace build
completes), all lifecycle-related fields are unset, ensuring the
workspace does not participate in TTL, autostop, autostart, dormancy, or
auto-deletion logic.
* When a prebuilt workspace is claimed, it transitions into a regular
user workspace. At this point, all lifecycle fields are correctly
populated according to template-level configurations, allowing the
workspace to be managed by the lifecycle executor as expected.

## Changes

* Prebuilt workspaces now have all lifecycle-relevant fields unset
during creation
* When a prebuild is claimed:
* Lifecycle fields are set based on template and workspace level
configurations. This ensures a clean transition into the standard
workspace lifecycle flow.
* Updated lifecycle-related SQL update queries to explicitly exclude
prebuilt workspaces.

## Relates 

Related issue: https://github.com/coder/coder/issues/18898

To reduce the scope of this PR and make the review process more
manageable, the original implementation has been split into the
following focused PRs:
* https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/19259
* https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/19263
* https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/19264
* https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/19265

These PRs should be considered in conjunction with this one to
understand the complete set of lifecycle separation changes for prebuilt
workspaces.

coderd/prebuilds/api.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package prebuilds
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"golang.org/x/xerrors"
@@ -54,6 +56,15 @@ type StateSnapshotter interface {
 }
 
 type Claimer interface {
-	Claim(ctx context.Context, userID uuid.UUID, name string, presetID uuid.UUID) (*uuid.UUID, error)
+	Claim(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		now time.Time,
+		userID uuid.UUID,
+		name string,
+		presetID uuid.UUID,
+		autostartSchedule sql.NullString,
+		nextStartAt sql.NullTime,
+		ttl sql.NullInt64,
+	) (*uuid.UUID, error)
 	Initiator() uuid.UUID
 }