feat(cli): add --no-build flag to state push for state-only updates (#21374)

## Summary

Adds a `--no-build` flag to `coder state push` that updates the
Terraform state directly without triggering a workspace build.

## Use Case

This enables state-only migrations, such as migrating Kubernetes
resources from deprecated types (e.g., `kubernetes_config_map`) to
versioned types (e.g., `kubernetes_config_map_v1`):

```bash
coder state pull my-workspace > state.json
terraform init
terraform state rm -state=state.json kubernetes_config_map.example
terraform import -state=state.json kubernetes_config_map_v1.example default/example
coder state push --no-build my-workspace state.json
```

## Changes

- Add `PUT /api/v2/workspacebuilds/{id}/state` endpoint to update state
without triggering a build
- Add `UpdateWorkspaceBuildState` SDK method
- Add `--no-build`/`-n` flag to `coder state push`
- Add confirmation prompt (can be skipped with `--yes`/`-y`) since this
is a potentially dangerous operation
- Add test for `--no-build` functionality

Fixes #21336

cli/state.go

@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ func buildNumberOption(n *int64) serpent.Option {
 
 func (r *RootCmd) statePush() *serpent.Command {
 	var buildNumber int64
+	var noBuild bool
 	cmd := &serpent.Command{
 		Use:   "push <workspace> <file>",
 		Short: "Push a Terraform state file to a workspace.",
@@ -126,6 +127,16 @@ func (r *RootCmd) statePush() *serpent.Command {
 				return err
 			}
 
+			if noBuild {
+				// Update state directly without triggering a build.
+				err = client.UpdateWorkspaceBuildState(inv.Context(), build.ID, state)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(inv.Stdout, "State updated successfully.")
+				return nil
+			}
+
 			build, err = client.CreateWorkspaceBuild(inv.Context(), workspace.ID, codersdk.CreateWorkspaceBuildRequest{
 				TemplateVersionID: build.TemplateVersionID,
 				Transition:        build.Transition,
@@ -139,6 +150,12 @@ func (r *RootCmd) statePush() *serpent.Command {
 	}
 	cmd.Options = serpent.OptionSet{
 		buildNumberOption(&buildNumber),
+		{
+			Flag:          "no-build",
+			FlagShorthand: "n",
+			Description:   "Update the state without triggering a workspace build. Useful for state-only migrations.",
+			Value:         serpent.BoolOf(&noBuild),
+		},
 	}
 	return cmd
 }

cli/state_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package cli_test
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/coder/coder/v2/cli/clitest"
 	"github.com/coder/coder/v2/coderd/coderdtest"
 	"github.com/coder/coder/v2/coderd/database"
+	"github.com/coder/coder/v2/coderd/database/dbauthz"
 	"github.com/coder/coder/v2/coderd/database/dbfake"
 	"github.com/coder/coder/v2/coderd/rbac"
 	"github.com/coder/coder/v2/provisioner/echo"
@@ -157,4 +159,49 @@ func TestStatePush(t *testing.T) {
 		err := inv.Run()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	})
+
+	t.Run("NoBuild", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+		client, store := coderdtest.NewWithDatabase(t, nil)
+		owner := coderdtest.CreateFirstUser(t, client)
+		templateAdmin, taUser := coderdtest.CreateAnotherUser(t, client, owner.OrganizationID, rbac.RoleTemplateAdmin())
+		initialState := []byte("initial state")
+		r := dbfake.WorkspaceBuild(t, store, database.WorkspaceTable{
+			OrganizationID: owner.OrganizationID,
+			OwnerID:        taUser.ID,
+		}).
+			Seed(database.WorkspaceBuild{ProvisionerState: initialState}).
+			Do()
+		wantState := []byte("updated state")
+		stateFile, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		_, err = stateFile.Write(wantState)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		err = stateFile.Close()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		inv, root := clitest.New(t, "state", "push", "--no-build", r.Workspace.Name, stateFile.Name())
+		clitest.SetupConfig(t, templateAdmin, root)
+		var stdout bytes.Buffer
+		inv.Stdout = &stdout
+		err = inv.Run()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "State updated successfully")
+
+		// Verify the state was updated by pulling it.
+		inv, root = clitest.New(t, "state", "pull", r.Workspace.Name)
+		var gotState bytes.Buffer
+		inv.Stdout = &gotState
+		clitest.SetupConfig(t, templateAdmin, root)
+		err = inv.Run()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, wantState, bytes.TrimSpace(gotState.Bytes()))
+
+		// Verify no new build was created.
+		builds, err := store.GetWorkspaceBuildsByWorkspaceID(dbauthz.AsSystemRestricted(context.Background()), database.GetWorkspaceBuildsByWorkspaceIDParams{
+			WorkspaceID: r.Workspace.ID,
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, builds, 1, "expected only the initial build, no new build should be created")
+	})
 }

cli/testdata/coder_state_push_--help.golden

@@ -9,5 +9,9 @@ OPTIONS:
   -b, --build int
           Specify a workspace build to target by name. Defaults to latest.
 
+  -n, --no-build bool
+          Update the state without triggering a workspace build. Useful for
+          state-only migrations.
+
 ———
 Run `coder --help` for a list of global options.