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fix: improve background process handling for agent tools (#23132)
## Problem Models frequently use shell `&` instead of `run_in_background=true` when starting long-running processes through `/agents`, causing them to die shortly after starting. This happens because: 1. **No guidance in tool schema** — The `ExecuteArgs` struct had zero `description` tags. The model saw `run_in_background: boolean (optional)` with no explanation of when/why to use it. 2. **Shell `&` is silently broken** — `sh -c "command &"` forks the process, the shell exits immediately, and the forked child becomes an orphan not tracked by the process manager. 3. **No process group isolation** — The SSH subsystem sets `Setsid: true` on spawned processes, but the agent process manager set no `SysProcAttr` at all. Signals only hit the top-level `sh`, not child processes. ## Investigation Compared our implementation against **openai/codex** and **coder/mux**: | Aspect | codex | mux | coder/coder (before) | |--------|-------|-----|---------------------| | Background flag | Yield/resume with `session_id` | `run_in_background` with rich description | `run_in_background` with **no description** | | `&` handling | `setsid()` + `killpg()` | `detached: true` + `killProcessTree()` | **Nothing** — orphaned children escape | | Process isolation | `setsid()` on every spawn | `set -m; nohup ... setsid` for background | **No `SysProcAttr` at all** | | Signal delivery | `killpg(pgid, sig)` — entire group | `kill -15 -\$pid` — negative PID | `proc.cmd.Process.Signal()` — **PID only** | ## Changes ### Fix 1: Add descriptions to `ExecuteArgs` (highest impact) The model now sees explicit guidance: *"Use for long-running processes like dev servers, file watchers, or builds. Do NOT use shell & — it will not work correctly."* ### Fix 2: Update tool description The top-level execute tool description now reinforces: *"Use run_in_background=true for long-running processes. Never use shell '&' for backgrounding."* ### Fix 3: Detect trailing `&` and auto-promote to background Defense-in-depth: if the model still uses `command &`, we strip the `&` and promote to `run_in_background=true` automatically. Correctly distinguishes `&` from `&&`. ### Fix 4: Process group isolation (`Setpgid`) New platform-specific files (`proc_other.go` / `proc_windows.go`) following the same pattern as `agentssh/exec_other.go`. Every spawned process gets its own process group. ### Fix 5: Process group signaling `signal()` now uses `syscall.Kill(-pid, sig)` on Unix to signal the entire process group, ensuring child processes from shell pipelines are also cleaned up. ## Testing All existing `agent/agentproc` tests pass. Both packages compile cleanly.
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@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
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//go:build !windows
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package agentproc
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import (
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"os"
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"syscall"
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)
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// procSysProcAttr returns the SysProcAttr to use when spawning
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// processes. On Unix, Setpgid creates a new process group so
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// that signals can be delivered to the entire group (the shell
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// and all its children).
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func procSysProcAttr() *syscall.SysProcAttr {
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return &syscall.SysProcAttr{
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Setpgid: true,
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}
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}
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// signalProcess sends a signal to the process group rooted at p.
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// Using the negative PID sends the signal to every process in the
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// group, ensuring child processes (e.g. from shell pipelines) are
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// also signaled.
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func signalProcess(p *os.Process, sig syscall.Signal) error {
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return syscall.Kill(-p.Pid, sig)
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}
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@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
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package agentproc
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import (
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"os"
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"syscall"
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)
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// procSysProcAttr returns the SysProcAttr to use when spawning
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// processes. On Windows, process groups are not supported in the
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// same way as Unix, so this returns an empty struct.
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func procSysProcAttr() *syscall.SysProcAttr {
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return &syscall.SysProcAttr{}
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}
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// signalProcess sends a signal directly to the process. Windows
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// does not support process group signaling, so we fall back to
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// sending the signal to the process itself.
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func signalProcess(p *os.Process, _ syscall.Signal) error {
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return p.Kill()
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}
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@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ func (m *manager) start(req workspacesdk.StartProcessRequest, chatID string) (*p
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cmd.Dir = req.WorkDir
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}
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cmd.Stdin = nil
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cmd.SysProcAttr = procSysProcAttr()
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// WaitDelay ensures cmd.Wait returns promptly after
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// the process is killed, even if child processes are
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@@ -272,13 +273,15 @@ func (m *manager) signal(id string, sig string) error {
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switch sig {
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case "kill":
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if err := proc.cmd.Process.Kill(); err != nil {
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// Use process group kill to ensure child processes
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// (e.g. from shell pipelines) are also killed.
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if err := signalProcess(proc.cmd.Process, syscall.SIGKILL); err != nil {
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return xerrors.Errorf("kill process: %w", err)
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}
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case "terminate":
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//nolint:revive // syscall.SIGTERM is portable enough
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// for our supported platforms.
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if err := proc.cmd.Process.Signal(syscall.SIGTERM); err != nil {
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// Use process group signal to ensure child processes
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// are also terminated.
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if err := signalProcess(proc.cmd.Process, syscall.SIGTERM); err != nil {
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return xerrors.Errorf("terminate process: %w", err)
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}
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default:
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