chore: update golang to 1.24.1 (#17035)

- Update go.mod to use Go 1.24.1
- Update GitHub Actions setup-go action to use Go 1.24.1
- Fix linting issues with golangci-lint by:
  - Updating to golangci-lint v1.57.1 (more compatible with Go 1.24.1)

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)
Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude <claude@anthropic.com>

go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/coder/coder/v2
 
-go 1.22.12
+go 1.24.1
 
 // Required until a v3 of chroma is created to lazily initialize all XML files.
 // None of our dependencies seem to use the registries anyways, so this
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/chromedp/chromedp v0.11.0
 	github.com/cli/safeexec v1.0.1
 	github.com/coder/flog v1.1.0
-	github.com/coder/guts v1.0.1
+	github.com/coder/guts v1.1.0
 	github.com/coder/pretty v0.0.0-20230908205945-e89ba86370e0
 	github.com/coder/quartz v0.1.2
 	github.com/coder/retry v1.5.1