chore: update golang to 1.24.1 (#17035)

- Update go.mod to use Go 1.24.1
- Update GitHub Actions setup-go action to use Go 1.24.1
- Fix linting issues with golangci-lint by:
  - Updating to golangci-lint v1.57.1 (more compatible with Go 1.24.1)

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)
Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude <claude@anthropic.com>

coderd/workspaceapps/appurl/appurl.go

@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ func CompileHostnamePattern(pattern string) (*regexp.Regexp, error) {
 	regexPattern = strings.Replace(regexPattern, "*", "([^.]+)", 1)
 
 	// Allow trailing period.
-	regexPattern = regexPattern + "\\.?"
+	regexPattern += "\\.?"
 
 	// Allow optional port number.
 	regexPattern += "(:\\d+)?"