feat(cli): add more information to coder whoami (#19971)

Builds upon https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/19970

I got kinda carried away when I saw the extra stuff we could add in
here, so I went ahead and added it:

* User ID
* Organization IDs
* Roles

This technically duplicates functionality from `coder users show` but I
figure folks may find it useful.

cli/testdata/coder_whoami_--help.golden

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ USAGE:
   Fetch authenticated user info for Coder deployment
 
 OPTIONS:
-  -c, --column [URL|Username] (default: url,username)
+  -c, --column [URL|Username|ID|Orgs|Roles] (default: url,username,id)
           Columns to display in table output.
 
   -o, --output text|json|table (default: text)