diff --git a/packages/core/src/gateway/core-runtime/router-plugin.ts b/packages/core/src/gateway/core-runtime/router-plugin.ts
index 7be74431..f74c266e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/gateway/core-runtime/router-plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/gateway/core-runtime/router-plugin.ts
@@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@ function resolveCcrGatewayRoute(
 
   const publicModel = resolveGatewayPublicModelId(routedModel, config) ?? routedModel;
   const modelRegistry = modelRegistryForConfig(config);
-  const resolved = modelRegistry.resolve(publicModel) ??
+  const resolved = modelRegistry.resolve(publicModel, { protocol }) ??
     resolveProfileProviderModel(config, requestInput.request?.headers, publicModel, modelRegistry);
   if (!resolved) {
     return undefined;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/routing/model-registry.ts b/packages/core/src/routing/model-registry.ts
index bf82744c..ce094135 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/routing/model-registry.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/routing/model-registry.ts
@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ import {
   availableGatewayModelIds,
   isGatewayProviderEnabled,
   type AppConfig,
-  type GatewayProviderConfig
+  type GatewayProviderConfig,
+  type GatewayProviderProtocol
 } from "@ccr/core/contracts/app";
 import type { RouteModelRef } from "@ccr/core/routing/contracts";
 
 export type ResolveRouteModelOptions = {
   providerName?: string;
+  protocol?: GatewayProviderProtocol;
 };
 
 export class ModelRegistry {
@@ -53,17 +55,20 @@ export class ModelRegistry {
       };
     }
 
-    const exactMatches = this.providerModelMatches(normalized, false);
-    if (exactMatches.length === 1) {
-      return providerModelRef(exactMatches[0].provider, exactMatches[0].model, normalized);
-    }
-    if (exactMatches.length > 1) {
-      return undefined;
+    const exactMatch = this.disambiguateByProtocol(
+      this.providerModelMatches(normalized, false),
+      options.protocol
+    );
+    if (exactMatch) {
+      return providerModelRef(exactMatch.provider, exactMatch.model, normalized);
     }
 
-    const caseInsensitiveMatches = this.providerModelMatches(normalized, true);
-    return caseInsensitiveMatches.length === 1
-      ? providerModelRef(caseInsensitiveMatches[0].provider, caseInsensitiveMatches[0].model, normalized)
+    const caseInsensitiveMatch = this.disambiguateByProtocol(
+      this.providerModelMatches(normalized, true),
+      options.protocol
+    );
+    return caseInsensitiveMatch
+      ? providerModelRef(caseInsensitiveMatch.provider, caseInsensitiveMatch.model, normalized)
       : undefined;
   }
 
@@ -117,6 +122,30 @@ export class ModelRegistry {
     }
     return matches;
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Picks the single match among bare-id candidates, using the request protocol
+   * to break ties when the same id is registered under multiple providers with
+   * disjoint protocol capabilities. Returns undefined when the match is not
+   * unique (keeps the pre-existing behavior for genuinely ambiguous ids).
+   */
+  private disambiguateByProtocol(
+    matches: Array<{ model: string; provider: GatewayProviderConfig }>,
+    protocol: GatewayProviderProtocol | undefined
+  ): { model: string; provider: GatewayProviderConfig } | undefined {
+    if (matches.length === 1) {
+      return matches[0];
+    }
+    if (matches.length > 1 && protocol) {
+      const protocolMatches = matches.filter(({ provider }) =>
+        provider.capabilities?.some((capability) => capability.type === protocol)
+      );
+      if (protocolMatches.length === 1) {
+        return protocolMatches[0];
+      }
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  }
 }
 
 const registryCache = new WeakMap<object, ModelRegistry>();
diff --git a/packages/core/test/unit/routing/model-registry-protocol-disambiguation.test.mjs b/packages/core/test/unit/routing/model-registry-protocol-disambiguation.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..725ac134
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/unit/routing/model-registry-protocol-disambiguation.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import test from "node:test";
+import { ModelRegistry } from "@ccr/core/routing/model-registry.ts";
+
+const anthropicOnly = {
+  name: "anthropic-only",
+  api_base_url: "https://anthropic-only.test",
+  models: ["shared-model", "anthropic-only-model"],
+  capabilities: [{ type: "anthropic_messages" }]
+};
+
+const openaiOnly = {
+  name: "openai-only",
+  api_base_url: "https://openai-only.test",
+  models: ["shared-model", "openai-only-model"],
+  capabilities: [
+    { type: "openai_chat_completions" },
+    { type: "openai_responses" }
+  ]
+};
+
+const noCapability = {
+  name: "no-capability",
+  api_base_url: "https://no-capability.test",
+  models: ["bare-shared"]
+};
+
+function registryWith(...providers) {
+  return new ModelRegistry({ Providers: providers, virtualModelProfiles: [] });
+}
+
+test("bare id under two disjoint providers: protocol picks the matching owner", () => {
+  const registry = registryWith(anthropicOnly, openaiOnly);
+
+  const openaiRef = registry.resolve("shared-model", { protocol: "openai_chat_completions" });
+  assert.equal(openaiRef?.provider, openaiOnly);
+  assert.equal(openaiRef?.model, "shared-model");
+
+  const anthropicRef = registry.resolve("shared-model", { protocol: "anthropic_messages" });
+  assert.equal(anthropicRef?.provider, anthropicOnly);
+
+  // no protocol → stays ambiguous on purpose (pre-existing behavior preserved)
+  assert.equal(registry.resolve("shared-model"), undefined);
+  // neither provider declares the protocol → no unique resolution
+  assert.equal(registry.resolve("shared-model", { protocol: "gemini_generate_content" }), undefined);
+});
+
+test("single owner keeps resolving with or without protocol", () => {
+  const registry = registryWith(anthropicOnly, openaiOnly);
+
+  assert.equal(registry.resolve("anthropic-only-model")?.provider, anthropicOnly);
+  assert.equal(registry.resolve("anthropic-only-model", { protocol: "openai_chat_completions" })?.provider, anthropicOnly);
+});
+
+test("providers without capability metadata degrade to the old ambiguous behavior", () => {
+  const registry = registryWith(noCapability, { ...noCapability, name: "no-capability-2" });
+
+  assert.equal(registry.resolve("bare-shared", { protocol: "openai_chat_completions" }), undefined);
+  assert.equal(registry.resolve("bare-shared"), undefined);
+});
+
+test("case-insensitive fallback branch also disambiguates by protocol", () => {
+  const a = { name: "ci-a", api_base_url: "https://ci-a.test", models: ["Model-X"], capabilities: [{ type: "anthropic_messages" }] };
+  const b = { name: "ci-b", api_base_url: "https://ci-b.test", models: ["MODEL-X"], capabilities: [{ type: "openai_chat_completions" }] };
+  const registry = registryWith(a, b);
+
+  assert.equal(registry.resolve("model-x", { protocol: "openai_chat_completions" })?.provider, b);
+  assert.equal(registry.resolve("model-x", { protocol: "anthropic_messages" })?.provider, a);
+  assert.equal(registry.resolve("model-x"), undefined);
+});