diff --git a/lib/registry-dev.test.ts b/lib/registry-dev.test.ts
index bcca32857d..27c453b4c8 100644
--- a/lib/registry-dev.test.ts
+++ b/lib/registry-dev.test.ts
@@ -41,6 +41,15 @@ const fakeDirectories = {
                 handler: (ctx: Context) => ({ title: String(ctx.get('fromOuter')), link: 'https://example.com', item: [], allowEmpty: true }),
             },
         },
+        '/redirect.ts': {
+            route: {
+                path: '/redirect',
+                name: 'Redirect',
+                handler: (ctx: Context) => {
+                    ctx.set('redirect', '/flat/single');
+                },
+            },
+        },
         '/boom.ts': {
             route: {
                 path: '/boom',
@@ -90,7 +99,7 @@ afterAll(() => {
 const buildApp = () => {
     const namespaces: NamespacesType = {};
     const dev = createDevRegistry({ routesDirectory, namespaces });
-    const app = new Hono<{ Variables: { fromOuter: string; data: Data; apiData: { ok: boolean } } }>();
+    const app = new Hono<{ Variables: { fromOuter: string; data: Data; apiData: { ok: boolean }; redirect: string } }>();
     app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
         ctx.set('fromOuter', 'bridged');
         await next();
@@ -98,6 +107,10 @@ const buildApp = () => {
         if (apiData) {
             return ctx.json(apiData);
         }
+        const redirect = ctx.get('redirect');
+        if (redirect) {
+            return ctx.redirect(redirect, 301);
+        }
         const data = ctx.get('data');
         if (data) {
             return ctx.json(data);
@@ -143,6 +156,13 @@ describe('createDevRegistry', () => {
         expect(body.title).toBe('bridged');
     });
 
+    it('finalizes handlers that only set a redirect', async () => {
+        const { app } = buildApp();
+        const response = await app.request('/flat/redirect');
+        expect(response.status).toBe(301);
+        expect(response.headers.get('location')).toBe('/flat/single');
+    });
+
     it('serves nested namespaces', async () => {
         const { app } = buildApp();
         const response = await app.request('/github/enterprise/news');
diff --git a/lib/registry-dev.ts b/lib/registry-dev.ts
index 904cb717d7..8e396ed681 100644
--- a/lib/registry-dev.ts
+++ b/lib/registry-dev.ts
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ export function createDevRegistry({ routesDirectory, namespaces }: { routesDirec
                 outer.set(key as never, value as never);
             }
         }
-        if (!ctx.finalized && (ctx.get('data') || ctx.get('apiData'))) {
+        if (!ctx.finalized && (ctx.get('data') || ctx.get('apiData') || ctx.get('redirect') || ctx.get('no-content'))) {
             // Data-producing handlers return undefined (the outer template middleware renders the
             // bridged vars); finalize so Hono does not raise "Context is not finalized".
             ctx.res = new Response(null, { status: 204 });
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export function createDevRegistry({ routesDirectory, namespaces }: { routesDirec
         outerContexts.set(ctx.req.raw, ctx);
         try {
             const response = await subApp.fetch(ctx.req.raw);
-            if (ctx.get('data') || ctx.get('apiData')) {
+            if (ctx.get('data') || ctx.get('apiData') || ctx.get('redirect') || ctx.get('no-content')) {
                 // The upstream template middleware renders from the bridged vars
                 return;
             }
diff --git a/lib/routes/10000link/info.ts b/lib/routes/10000link/info.ts
index 548f422f4c..47235bf88d 100644
--- a/lib/routes/10000link/info.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/10000link/info.ts
@@ -3,16 +3,22 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Element } from 'domhandler';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate, parseRelativeDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { category = 'newslists', id } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '30');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://info.10000link.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/199it/index.tsx b/lib/routes/199it/index.tsx
index bb6c7f41a7..5fd1470f06 100644
--- a/lib/routes/199it/index.tsx
+++ b/lib/routes/199it/index.tsx
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '30');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://www.199it.com';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(category, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${category}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/1lou/index.ts b/lib/routes/1lou/index.ts
index ede610a7fd..23ce9c4371 100644
--- a/lib/routes/1lou/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/1lou/index.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context) => {
         .map(([key, value]) => `${encodeURIComponent(key)}=${encodeURIComponent(value)}`)
         .join('&');
 
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${params && params.endsWith('.htm') ? params : `${params}.htm`}${queryString ? `?${queryString}` : ''}`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${params && params.endsWith('.htm') ? params : `${params}.htm`}${queryString ? `?${queryString}` : ''}`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/423down/index.ts b/lib/routes/423down/index.ts
index d148b319cf..d9c3fd20e9 100644
--- a/lib/routes/423down/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/423down/index.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx) => {
 
     const domain = '423down.com';
     const rootUrl = `https://www.${domain}`;
-    const currentUrl = new URL(category, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/4ksj/forum.tsx b/lib/routes/4ksj/forum.tsx
index ff6f115002..f328d2b404 100644
--- a/lib/routes/4ksj/forum.tsx
+++ b/lib/routes/4ksj/forum.tsx
@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import { raw } from 'hono/html';
 import { renderToString } from 'hono/jsx/dom/server';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import md5 from '@/utils/md5';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
 import timezone from '@/utils/timezone';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 const renderDescription = ({ images, title, keys, details, description, info, links }) =>
     renderToString(
@@ -79,6 +81,10 @@ function stringtoHex(acSTR) {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const { id = '4k-uhd-1' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(id)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid id');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number.parseInt(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 25;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.4ksj.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/6v123/index.ts b/lib/routes/6v123/index.ts
index 447b423fd1..a2c58cafee 100644
--- a/lib/routes/6v123/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/6v123/index.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const encoding = 'gb2312';
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://www.hao6v.me';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(category.startsWith('gvod') ? `${category}.html` : category, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${category.startsWith('gvod') ? `${category}.html` : category}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl, {
         responseType: 'arrayBuffer',
diff --git a/lib/routes/abc/index.ts b/lib/routes/abc/index.ts
index 03ce451a64..aa3bf2261f 100644
--- a/lib/routes/abc/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/abc/index.ts
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
     let currentUrl: string;
     let documentId;
 
-    if (Number.isNaN(category)) {
-        currentUrl = new URL(category, rootUrl).href;
+    if (Number.isNaN(Number(category))) {
+        currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}`;
     } else {
         documentId = category;
         const feedUrl = new URL(`news/feed/${documentId}/rss.xml`, rootUrl).href;
diff --git a/lib/routes/accessbriefing/index.ts b/lib/routes/accessbriefing/index.ts
index 3a60978a05..d21ce9051a 100644
--- a/lib/routes/accessbriefing/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/accessbriefing/index.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.accessbriefing.com';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(category, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}`;
     const apiUrl = new URL('Ajax/GetPagedArticles', rootUrl).href;
 
     const { data: currentResponse } = await got(currentUrl);
diff --git a/lib/routes/amazfitwatchfaces/index.ts b/lib/routes/amazfitwatchfaces/index.ts
index 51d5d22108..3c91d975b3 100644
--- a/lib/routes/amazfitwatchfaces/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/amazfitwatchfaces/index.ts
@@ -3,16 +3,22 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Element } from 'domhandler';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { device, sort, searchParams } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(device)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid device');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '30');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://amazfitwatchfaces.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/app-sales/index.ts b/lib/routes/app-sales/index.ts
index 87dea3883b..d0118b5277 100644
--- a/lib/routes/app-sales/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/app-sales/index.ts
@@ -2,14 +2,20 @@ import type { CheerioAPI } from 'cheerio';
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { baseUrl, fetchItems } from './util';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { category = 'highlights', country = 'us' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '100');
 
     const targetUrl: string = new URL(category.endsWith('/') ? category : `${category}/`, baseUrl).href;
diff --git a/lib/routes/apple/exchange-repair.ts b/lib/routes/apple/exchange-repair.ts
index 64d595a11b..26ad1d408d 100644
--- a/lib/routes/apple/exchange-repair.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/apple/exchange-repair.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { DataItem, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 const host = 'https://support.apple.com/';
 
@@ -33,6 +35,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const country = ctx.req.param('country') ?? '';
+    if (country && !isValidHost(country)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid country');
+    }
+
     const link = new URL(`${country}/service-programs`, host).href;
 
     const response = await got(link);
diff --git a/lib/routes/apple/security-releases.ts b/lib/routes/apple/security-releases.ts
index ba76da9f09..0c73d1face 100644
--- a/lib/routes/apple/security-releases.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/apple/security-releases.ts
@@ -3,16 +3,22 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Element } from 'domhandler';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/security-releases';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { language: languageParam = 'en-us' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(languageParam)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid language');
+    }
+
     const language = languageParam as Language;
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '30');
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/aqara/post.tsx b/lib/routes/aqara/post.tsx
index b69c7ebc0f..d58d712779 100644
--- a/lib/routes/aqara/post.tsx
+++ b/lib/routes/aqara/post.tsx
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
         const filterRegion = filterMatches[1];
         const filterType = filterMatches[2] === 'tag' ? 'tags' : filterMatches[2] === 'category' ? 'categories' : filterMatches[2];
         const filterKeyword = decodeURI(filterMatches[3].split('/').pop());
-        const filterApiUrl = new URL(`${filterRegion}/${apiSlug}/${filterType}?search=${filterKeyword}`, rootUrl).href;
+        const filterApiUrl = `${rootUrl}/${filterRegion}/${apiSlug}/${filterType}?search=${filterKeyword}`;
 
         const { data: filterResponse } = await got(filterApiUrl);
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
         if (filter?.id ?? undefined) {
             filterName = filter.name ?? filterKeyword;
             currentUrl = filter.link ?? currentUrl;
-            apiUrl = new URL(`${filterRegion}/${apiSlug}/posts?_embed=true&per_page=${limit}&${filterType}=${filter.id}`, rootUrl).href;
+            apiUrl = `${rootUrl}/${filterRegion}/${apiSlug}/posts?_embed=true&per_page=${limit}&${filterType}=${filter.id}`;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/auto-stats/index.ts b/lib/routes/auto-stats/index.ts
index d66ba7fcb8..2d81b5b221 100644
--- a/lib/routes/auto-stats/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/auto-stats/index.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import iconv from 'iconv-lite';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { DataItem, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
 import timezone from '@/utils/timezone';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const route: Route = {
     path: '/:category?',
@@ -30,6 +32,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const { category = 'xxkd' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = 'http://www.auto-stats.org.cn';
diff --git a/lib/routes/bnu/mba.ts b/lib/routes/bnu/mba.ts
index d627e5dfb3..6be142fbe1 100644
--- a/lib/routes/bnu/mba.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/bnu/mba.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 20;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://mba.bnu.edu.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${category.replace(/\/$/, '')}/`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category.replace(/\/$/, '')}/`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/cbaigui/index.ts b/lib/routes/cbaigui/index.ts
index 39bf0757bd..d1601beaef 100644
--- a/lib/routes/cbaigui/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/cbaigui/index.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
     let filterName;
 
     const path = ctx.req.param('path') ?? '';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`/${path}`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${path}`;
     let apiUrl = new URL(`${apiSlug}/posts?_embed=true&per_page=${limit}`, rootUrl).href;
 
     const filterMatches = path.match(/^post-(tag|category)\/(.*)$/);
diff --git a/lib/routes/ccagm/index.ts b/lib/routes/ccagm/index.ts
index 097d0c6288..e6c95f07c1 100644
--- a/lib/routes/ccagm/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/ccagm/index.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '10');
 
     const baseUrl = 'http://www.ccagm.org.cn';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(category, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${category}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/cccmc/index.ts b/lib/routes/cccmc/index.ts
index 5500c30f9b..b98794e57a 100644
--- a/lib/routes/cccmc/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/cccmc/index.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '15');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://www.cccmc.org.cn';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(category.endsWith('/') ? category : `${category}/`, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${category.endsWith('/') ? category : `${category}/`}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/ccg/index.ts b/lib/routes/ccg/index.ts
index ff908ca92e..cea64b0188 100644
--- a/lib/routes/ccg/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/ccg/index.ts
@@ -3,16 +3,22 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Element } from 'domhandler';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { category = 'news' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '7');
 
     const baseUrl = 'http://www.ccg.org.cn';
diff --git a/lib/routes/chinacdc/index.ts b/lib/routes/chinacdc/index.ts
index 2236c24cb6..776faa279b 100644
--- a/lib/routes/chinacdc/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/chinacdc/index.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '11');
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.chinacdc.cn';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(category.endsWith('/') ? category : `${category}/`, rootUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category.endsWith('/') ? category : `${category}/`}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/chinadaily/language.ts b/lib/routes/chinadaily/language.ts
index b8d97fb28c..5d0df3668f 100644
--- a/lib/routes/chinadaily/language.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/chinadaily/language.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '30');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://language.chinadaily.com.cn';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(category, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${category}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/cngold/index.ts b/lib/routes/cngold/index.ts
index ebe63c4aca..cf36064598 100644
--- a/lib/routes/cngold/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/cngold/index.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const { category = 'news-325' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 12;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.cngold.org.cn';
diff --git a/lib/routes/cnljxh/index.ts b/lib/routes/cnljxh/index.ts
index 72484cd162..c29a7079d6 100644
--- a/lib/routes/cnljxh/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/cnljxh/index.ts
@@ -3,14 +3,20 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Element } from 'domhandler';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { category = 'news', id = '10' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '20');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://www.cnljxh.org.cn';
diff --git a/lib/routes/cqu/index.ts b/lib/routes/cqu/index.ts
index 76fa362707..112ff6e24b 100644
--- a/lib/routes/cqu/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/cqu/index.ts
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export const route: Route = {
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const { path = 'index/tzgg' } = ctx.req.param();
     const baseUrl = 'http://jwc.cqu.edu.cn';
-    const url = new URL(`${path}.htm`, baseUrl).href;
+    const url = `${baseUrl}/${path}.htm`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(url);
     const $ = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/cursor/blog.ts b/lib/routes/cursor/blog.ts
index 6db1ea0376..7b3b3cecf8 100644
--- a/lib/routes/cursor/blog.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/cursor/blog.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { topic, locale } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (locale && !isValidHost(locale)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid locale');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '10');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://cursor.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/cursor/changelog.ts b/lib/routes/cursor/changelog.ts
index 496069982d..cefb0c10af 100644
--- a/lib/routes/cursor/changelog.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/cursor/changelog.ts
@@ -3,13 +3,19 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Element } from 'domhandler';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const locale = ctx.req.param('locale');
+    if (locale && !isValidHost(locale)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid locale');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '100');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://cursor.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/deepl/blog.ts b/lib/routes/deepl/blog.ts
index 9f03551797..a885c52ea7 100644
--- a/lib/routes/deepl/blog.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/deepl/blog.ts
@@ -3,16 +3,22 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Element } from 'domhandler';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { lang = 'en' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(lang)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid lang');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '30');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://www.deepl.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/dehenglaw/index.ts b/lib/routes/dehenglaw/index.ts
index 7c6e3e057e..884f7f1bc0 100644
--- a/lib/routes/dehenglaw/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/dehenglaw/index.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { DataItem, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const { language = 'CN', category = 'paper' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(language)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid language');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 6;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.dehenglaw.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/dekudeals/index.ts b/lib/routes/dekudeals/index.ts
index add54ce9ae..c7d2687a06 100644
--- a/lib/routes/dekudeals/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/dekudeals/index.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Route } from '@/types';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const route: Route = {
     path: '/:type',
@@ -16,6 +18,9 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx: Context) {
     const { type } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(type)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid type');
+    }
 
     const host = 'https://www.dekudeals.com/';
     const link = new URL(type, host).href;
diff --git a/lib/routes/dn/news.ts b/lib/routes/dn/news.ts
index 666cdebb98..72c9b43810 100644
--- a/lib/routes/dn/news.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/dn/news.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
 import timezone from '@/utils/timezone';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
@@ -42,6 +44,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const { language, category = '' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(language)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid language');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 10;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://dn.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/douban/other/explore-column.ts b/lib/routes/douban/other/explore-column.ts
index 15ecfa6861..fc01746dda 100644
--- a/lib/routes/douban/other/explore-column.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/douban/other/explore-column.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Route } from '@/types';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 const host = 'https://www.douban.com/explore/column/';
 export const route: Route = {
@@ -16,6 +18,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const id = ctx.req.param('id');
+    if (!isValidHost(id)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid id');
+    }
+
     const link = new URL(id, host).href;
     const response = await got.get(link);
     const $ = load(response.data);
diff --git a/lib/routes/freecomputerbooks/index.tsx b/lib/routes/freecomputerbooks/index.tsx
index a062e0894b..4c63f13793 100644
--- a/lib/routes/freecomputerbooks/index.tsx
+++ b/lib/routes/freecomputerbooks/index.tsx
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import { raw } from 'hono/html';
 import { renderToString } from 'hono/jsx/dom/server';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 const baseURL = 'https://freecomputerbooks.com/';
 
@@ -43,6 +45,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const categoryId = ctx.req.param('category')?.trim();
+    if (categoryId && !isValidHost(categoryId)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const requestURL = categoryId ? new URL(`${categoryId}.html`, baseURL).href : baseURL;
     const $ = await cheerioLoad(requestURL);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/gitstar-ranking/index.tsx b/lib/routes/gitstar-ranking/index.tsx
index 2d7bad8926..ae43b09768 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gitstar-ranking/index.tsx
+++ b/lib/routes/gitstar-ranking/index.tsx
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ import type { Element } from 'domhandler';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 import { renderToString } from 'hono/jsx/dom/server';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 const renderDescription = ({ images, stargazersCount, language, description }) =>
     renderToString(
@@ -49,6 +51,10 @@ const renderDescription = ({ images, stargazersCount, language, description }) =
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { category = 'repositories' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '100');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://gitstar-ranking.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/go/mhlw/pdf.ts b/lib/routes/go/mhlw/pdf.ts
index e7ac8da2b2..039c180a09 100644
--- a/lib/routes/go/mhlw/pdf.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/go/mhlw/pdf.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.mhlw.go.jp';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(category.endsWith('.html') ? category : `${category}.html`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category.endsWith('.html') ? category : `${category}.html`}`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/gov/ah/kjt.ts b/lib/routes/gov/ah/kjt.ts
index cfa012e4ab..2cd2ab9e6a 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gov/ah/kjt.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/gov/ah/kjt.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 20;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://kjt.ah.gov.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${category.replace(/\/$/, '').replace(/\/index\.html$/, '')}/`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category.replace(/\/$/, '').replace(/\/index\.html$/, '')}/`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/gov/chongqing/gzw.ts b/lib/routes/gov/chongqing/gzw.ts
index 8111bc0238..03ceb828fc 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gov/chongqing/gzw.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/gov/chongqing/gzw.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 15;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://gzw.cq.gov.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(category, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/gov/forestry/gjlckjdjt.ts b/lib/routes/gov/forestry/gjlckjdjt.ts
index 8fc23b6ebf..3a6ca04daf 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gov/forestry/gjlckjdjt.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/gov/forestry/gjlckjdjt.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
@@ -35,6 +37,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const { category = 'gjlckjdjt' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = 'http://www.forestry.gov.cn';
diff --git a/lib/routes/gov/general/general.ts b/lib/routes/gov/general/general.ts
index 236306b791..ff82fd4f96 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gov/general/general.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/gov/general/general.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import { getSubPath } from '@/utils/common-utils';
 // 来人拯救一下啊( >﹏<。)
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ import { getSubPath } from '@/utils/common-utils';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
 import timezone from '@/utils/timezone';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 import { finishArticleItem } from '@/utils/wechat-mp';
 
 import { renderZcjdpt } from './templates/zcjdpt';
@@ -49,6 +51,9 @@ const gdgov = async (info, ctx) => {
         .split('/')
         .filter((item) => item !== '');
     const [site, branch] = path;
+    if (!isValidHost(site) || !isValidHost(branch)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid site or branch');
+    }
 
     // 网站
     const pathstartat = info.pathstartat === undefined ? 0 : info.pathstartat;
diff --git a/lib/routes/gov/lswz/index.ts b/lib/routes/gov/lswz/index.ts
index f9a208aa0d..78412391dd 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gov/lswz/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/gov/lswz/index.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 25;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.lswz.gov.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${category}.shtml`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}.shtml`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/gov/moa/gjs.ts b/lib/routes/gov/moa/gjs.ts
index 8ccf7f8029..d3cc608ccd 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gov/moa/gjs.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/gov/moa/gjs.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '30');
 
     const baseUrl = 'http://www.gjs.moa.gov.cn';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(category.endsWith('/') ? category : `${category}/`, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${category.endsWith('/') ? category : `${category}/`}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/gov/nsfc/index.ts b/lib/routes/gov/nsfc/index.ts
index f899b5bb66..482585c40e 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gov/nsfc/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/gov/nsfc/index.ts
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
     }
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.nsfc.gov.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL((thePath.endsWith('/more') ? `${thePath}.htm` : thePath) || 'publish/portal0/tab442/', rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}${(thePath.endsWith('/more') ? `${thePath}.htm` : thePath) || '/publish/portal0/tab442/'}`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/gov/safe/util.tsx b/lib/routes/gov/safe/util.tsx
index 65838a7743..04b8c87275 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gov/safe/util.tsx
+++ b/lib/routes/gov/safe/util.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import { renderToString } from 'hono/jsx/dom/server';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Language } from '@/types';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 const rootUrl = 'https://www.safe.gov.cn';
 
@@ -16,6 +18,10 @@ const zxfkCategoryApis = {
 };
 
 const processZxfkItems = async (site = 'beijing', category = 'ywzx', limit = 3) => {
+    if (!isValidHost(site)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid site');
+    }
+
     const apiUrl = new URL(`${zxfkCategoryApis[category]}${site}`, rootUrl).href;
     const currentUrl = new URL(`${site}/${category}/index.html`, rootUrl).href;
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/gov/sh/fgw/index.tsx b/lib/routes/gov/sh/fgw/index.tsx
index 1ab206ca23..f655be74cb 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gov/sh/fgw/index.tsx
+++ b/lib/routes/gov/sh/fgw/index.tsx
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 20;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://fgw.sh.gov.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${category}/index.html`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}/index.html`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/gov/shenzhen/zzb/index.ts b/lib/routes/gov/shenzhen/zzb/index.ts
index b3c6a97cc6..924196ec31 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gov/shenzhen/zzb/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/gov/shenzhen/zzb/index.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Route } from '@/types';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
 import timezone from '@/utils/timezone';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 const rootURL = 'http://www.zzb.sz.gov.cn/';
 
@@ -36,6 +38,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const categoryID = ctx.req.param('caty');
+    if (!isValidHost(categoryID)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid caty');
+    }
+
     const page = ctx.req.param('page') ?? '1';
 
     const pageParam = Number.parseInt(page) > 1 ? `_${page}` : '';
diff --git a/lib/routes/gov/suzhou/fg.ts b/lib/routes/gov/suzhou/fg.ts
index 2f5e8f05ae..1602e481e1 100644
--- a/lib/routes/gov/suzhou/fg.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/gov/suzhou/fg.ts
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://fg.suzhou.gov.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${categoryPath}.shtml`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${categoryPath}.shtml`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/grainoil/category.ts b/lib/routes/grainoil/category.ts
index abd7f25295..600aa1b7fc 100644
--- a/lib/routes/grainoil/category.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/grainoil/category.ts
@@ -3,15 +3,21 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Element } from 'domhandler';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
 import timezone from '@/utils/timezone';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { category, id } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '30');
 
     const baseUrl = 'http://load.grainoil.com.cn';
diff --git a/lib/routes/hit/hitgs.ts b/lib/routes/hit/hitgs.ts
index 31f5a43207..75acb731e4 100644
--- a/lib/routes/hit/hitgs.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/hit/hitgs.ts
@@ -3,16 +3,22 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Element } from 'domhandler';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { id = 'tzgg' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(id)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid id');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '10');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://hitgs.hit.edu.cn';
diff --git a/lib/routes/hubu/index.ts b/lib/routes/hubu/index.ts
index 2830d4a9a3..1655b125aa 100644
--- a/lib/routes/hubu/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/hubu/index.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 20;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.hubu.edu.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${category}.htm`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}.htm`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/hubu/zhxy.ts b/lib/routes/hubu/zhxy.ts
index 2dd9fd5728..d288a96526 100644
--- a/lib/routes/hubu/zhxy.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/hubu/zhxy.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 20;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://zhxy.hubu.edu.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${category}.htm`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}.htm`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/hust/gs.ts b/lib/routes/hust/gs.ts
index 9cc11366da..9e8b6d2962 100644
--- a/lib/routes/hust/gs.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/hust/gs.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 16;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://gs.hust.edu.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${category}.htm`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}.htm`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/hust/mse.ts b/lib/routes/hust/mse.ts
index 6b4981c0b4..73829c8162 100644
--- a/lib/routes/hust/mse.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/hust/mse.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx) => {
 
     const domain = 'mse.hust.edu.cn';
     const rootUrl = `https://${domain}`;
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${category}.htm`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}.htm`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/ianspriggs/index.ts b/lib/routes/ianspriggs/index.ts
index 97f33171ed..3e6a874a4b 100644
--- a/lib/routes/ianspriggs/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/ianspriggs/index.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
@@ -30,6 +32,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const { category = 'portraits' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const author = 'Ian Spriggs';
diff --git a/lib/routes/infoq/presentations.ts b/lib/routes/infoq/presentations.ts
index e7b2544822..a9d7104091 100644
--- a/lib/routes/infoq/presentations.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/infoq/presentations.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const { conference } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (conference && !isValidHost(conference)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid conference');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 12;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.infoq.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/investor/index.ts b/lib/routes/investor/index.ts
index cadf31bf0e..d893660c29 100644
--- a/lib/routes/investor/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/investor/index.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '20');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://www.investor.org.cn';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(id.endsWith('/') ? id : `${id}/`, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${id.endsWith('/') ? id : `${id}/`}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/iqilu/program.ts b/lib/routes/iqilu/program.ts
index bd0005997e..88f57fd712 100644
--- a/lib/routes/iqilu/program.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/iqilu/program.ts
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = 'http://v.iqilu.com';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(category, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/jimmyspa/books.ts b/lib/routes/jimmyspa/books.ts
index fd8b6903c9..9aa3f36604 100644
--- a/lib/routes/jimmyspa/books.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/jimmyspa/books.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
@@ -40,6 +42,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const language = ctx.req.param('language');
+    if (!isValidHost(language)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid language');
+    }
+
     const baseUrl = 'https://www.jimmyspa.com';
     const booksListUrl = new URL(`/${language}/Books/Ajax/changeList?year=&keyword=&categoryId=0&page=1`, baseUrl).href;
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/jimmyspa/news.ts b/lib/routes/jimmyspa/news.ts
index e1d98843a8..da06d566a7 100644
--- a/lib/routes/jimmyspa/news.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/jimmyspa/news.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
@@ -39,6 +41,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const language = ctx.req.param('language');
+    if (!isValidHost(language)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid language');
+    }
+
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.jimmyspa.com';
 
     const currentUrl = new URL(`/${language}/News/Ajax/changeList?year=&keyword=&categoryId=0&page=1`, rootUrl).href;
diff --git a/lib/routes/kantarworldpanel/index.tsx b/lib/routes/kantarworldpanel/index.tsx
index 20f928fdc7..b182fa1cba 100644
--- a/lib/routes/kantarworldpanel/index.tsx
+++ b/lib/routes/kantarworldpanel/index.tsx
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.kantarworldpanel.com/';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${region}/${category}`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}${region}/${category}`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/koreaherald/index.ts b/lib/routes/koreaherald/index.ts
index 96b6d74078..f8b2825f43 100644
--- a/lib/routes/koreaherald/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/koreaherald/index.ts
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
     const category = ctx.req.param('category') ?? 'National';
     const baseUrl = 'https://www.koreaherald.com/';
 
-    const response = await got(new URL(category, baseUrl).href);
+    const response = await got(`${baseUrl}${category}`);
     const $ = load(response.data);
     const title = $('ul.gnb').find('[class="on"]').length > 0 ? $('ul.gnb').find('[class="on"]').text() : $('div.nav_area > a.category').text();
     const list = $('article.recent_news > ul.news_list > li')
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
     );
     return {
         title: `The Korea Herald - ${title}`,
-        link: new URL(category, baseUrl).href,
+        link: `${baseUrl}${category}`,
         item: items,
     };
 }
diff --git a/lib/routes/lit/xwzx.ts b/lib/routes/lit/xwzx.ts
index d4d4655254..e843db677a 100644
--- a/lib/routes/lit/xwzx.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/lit/xwzx.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
 import timezone from '@/utils/timezone';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const route: Route = {
     path: '/xwzx/:name?',
@@ -31,6 +33,10 @@ const nameProps = {
 
 async function handler(ctx: Context): Promise<Data> {
     const { name = 'all' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(name)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid name');
+    }
+
     const categories = name === 'all' ? Object.keys(nameProps) : [name];
 
     const lists = await Promise.all(
diff --git a/lib/routes/liulinblog/index.ts b/lib/routes/liulinblog/index.ts
index 3e53dc330b..8bcda5db0f 100644
--- a/lib/routes/liulinblog/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/liulinblog/index.ts
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ export async function handler(ctx) {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 20;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.liulinblog.com';
-    const currentUrl = subPath === '/' ? rootUrl : new URL(subPath, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = subPath === '/' ? rootUrl : `${rootUrl}${subPath}`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/lrepacks/index.ts b/lib/routes/lrepacks/index.ts
index 044c1fa760..c23d2c5ab8 100644
--- a/lib/routes/lrepacks/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/lrepacks/index.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx) => {
     const { category = '' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (category && !isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 12;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://lrepacks.net';
diff --git a/lib/routes/m4/index.ts b/lib/routes/m4/index.ts
index c131e5dc1e..b5854b0ed2 100644
--- a/lib/routes/m4/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/m4/index.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import { getSubPath } from '@/utils/common-utils';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
 import timezone from '@/utils/timezone';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
@@ -36,6 +38,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 export async function handler(ctx) {
     const [id, category = 'china'] = getSubPath(ctx).split('/').filter(Boolean);
+    if (!isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = `http://${id}.m4.cn`;
diff --git a/lib/routes/musify/index.ts b/lib/routes/musify/index.ts
index e45620508d..911a9de958 100644
--- a/lib/routes/musify/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/musify/index.ts
@@ -3,12 +3,18 @@ import { load } from 'cheerio';
 import type { Element } from 'domhandler';
 import type { Context } from 'hono';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Data, DataItem, Route } from '@/types';
 import { ViewType } from '@/types';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const { language = '' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (language && !isValidHost(language)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid language');
+    }
+
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '30');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://musify.club';
diff --git a/lib/routes/p-articles/section.ts b/lib/routes/p-articles/section.ts
index d550753a51..45d15ba9f2 100644
--- a/lib/routes/p-articles/section.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/p-articles/section.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import ofetch from '@/utils/ofetch';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { ProcessFeed, rootUrl } from './utils';
 
@@ -23,6 +25,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     let sectionName: string = ctx.req.param('section');
+    if (!isValidHost(sectionName)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid section');
+    }
+
     sectionName = sectionName.replace('-', '/');
     sectionName += '/';
     const sectionUrl = new URL(sectionName, rootUrl).href;
diff --git a/lib/routes/papers/category.ts b/lib/routes/papers/category.ts
index 3d336ef132..3b161a37d0 100644
--- a/lib/routes/papers/category.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/papers/category.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '50');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://papers.cool';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(`${id}?show=${limit}`, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${id}?show=${limit}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/producereport/index.ts b/lib/routes/producereport/index.ts
index 6e99f5d0df..d9e7194cc5 100644
--- a/lib/routes/producereport/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/producereport/index.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '10');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://www.producereport.com';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(category, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${category}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/qqorw/index.ts b/lib/routes/qqorw/index.ts
index 20ac53e7f2..65e15e0414 100644
--- a/lib/routes/qqorw/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/qqorw/index.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { DataItem, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
 import timezone from '@/utils/timezone';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const route: Route = {
     path: '/:category?',
@@ -34,6 +36,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const { category = '' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (category && !isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 10;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://qqorw.cn';
diff --git a/lib/routes/samrdprc/index.ts b/lib/routes/samrdprc/index.ts
index 2c19525c8f..087343110f 100644
--- a/lib/routes/samrdprc/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/samrdprc/index.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '17');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://www.samrdprc.org.cn';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(id.endsWith('/') ? id : `${id}/`, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${id.endsWith('/') ? id : `${id}/`}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/semiconductors/index.ts b/lib/routes/semiconductors/index.ts
index 8c845e0ef1..98b7fe71f6 100644
--- a/lib/routes/semiconductors/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/semiconductors/index.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '12');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://www.semiconductors.org';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(category.endsWith('/') ? category : `${category}/`, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${category.endsWith('/') ? category : `${category}/`}`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/sspu/pe.ts b/lib/routes/sspu/pe.ts
index d9a386d600..1f9d651929 100644
--- a/lib/routes/sspu/pe.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/sspu/pe.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const route: Route = {
     path: '/pe/:id?',
@@ -67,6 +69,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const { id = '342' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(id)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid id');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://pe2016.sspu.edu.cn';
diff --git a/lib/routes/thoughtco/index.ts b/lib/routes/thoughtco/index.ts
index a12a263659..f7c1051bc5 100644
--- a/lib/routes/thoughtco/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/thoughtco/index.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { DataItem, Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
@@ -323,6 +325,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const { category = '' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (category && !isValidHost(category)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid category');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 50;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://www.thoughtco.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/weibo/timeline.ts b/lib/routes/weibo/timeline.ts
index f480459941..c102bfcdbb 100644
--- a/lib/routes/weibo/timeline.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/weibo/timeline.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ export const route: Route = {
             },
             {
                 name: 'WEIBO_REDIRECT_URL',
-                description: '',
+                optional: true,
+                description: "OAuth callback URL. Defaults to `<request origin>/weibo/timeline/0`. Set it when the auto-composed URL doesn't work",
             },
         ],
         requirePuppeteer: false,
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
         );
         // 检查token失效
         if (response.error !== undefined) {
-            const { app_key = '', redirect_url = ctx.req.origin + '/weibo/timeline/0' } = config.weibo;
+            const { app_key = '', redirect_url = `${new URL(ctx.req.url).origin}/weibo/timeline/0` } = config.weibo;
 
             ctx.status = 302;
             ctx.set({
@@ -164,8 +165,8 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
             item: resultItem,
         });
     }
-    if (uid === '0' || ctx.req.query()) {
-        const { app_key = '', redirect_url = ctx.req.origin + '/weibo/timeline/0', app_secret = '' } = config.weibo;
+    if (uid === '0' || ctx.req.query('code')) {
+        const { app_key = '', redirect_url = `${new URL(ctx.req.url).origin}/weibo/timeline/0`, app_secret = '' } = config.weibo;
 
         const code = ctx.req.query('code');
         const routeParams = ctx.req.query('state');
@@ -176,14 +177,11 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
             const expires_in = rep.data.expires_in;
             await cache.set('weibotimelineuid' + uid, token, expires_in);
 
-            ctx.set({
-                'Content-Type': 'text/html; charset=UTF-8',
-                'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
-            });
-            ctx.html(`<script>window.location = '/weibo/timeline/${uid}${routeParams ? `/${routeParams}` : ''}'</script>`);
+            ctx.header('Cache-Control', 'no-cache');
+            return ctx.redirect(`/weibo/timeline/${uid}${routeParams ? `/${routeParams}` : ''}`);
         }
     } else {
-        const { app_key = '', redirect_url = ctx.req.origin + '/weibo/timeline/0' } = config.weibo;
+        const { app_key = '', redirect_url = `${new URL(ctx.req.url).origin}/weibo/timeline/0` } = config.weibo;
 
         ctx.status = 302;
         ctx.set({
diff --git a/lib/routes/whu/hyxt.ts b/lib/routes/whu/hyxt.ts
index d4887b7f0f..978f74cd5e 100644
--- a/lib/routes/whu/hyxt.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/whu/hyxt.ts
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = `https://hyxt.${domain}`;
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${category}.htm`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}.htm`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/xjtu/zs.ts b/lib/routes/xjtu/zs.ts
index dda1312587..f352bda59d 100644
--- a/lib/routes/xjtu/zs.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/xjtu/zs.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export const handler = async (ctx: Context): Promise<Data> => {
     const limit = Number(ctx.req.query('limit') ?? '30');
 
     const baseUrl = 'https://zs.xjtu.edu.cn';
-    const targetUrl: string = new URL(`${category}.htm`, baseUrl).href;
+    const targetUrl = `${baseUrl}/${category}.htm`;
 
     const response = await ofetch(targetUrl);
     const $: CheerioAPI = load(response);
diff --git a/lib/routes/xmnn/news.ts b/lib/routes/xmnn/news.ts
index 16a6ce3b96..b773872081 100644
--- a/lib/routes/xmnn/news.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/xmnn/news.ts
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ async function handler(ctx) {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://news.xmnn.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`${category}/`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${category}/`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
diff --git a/lib/routes/yangtzeu/dongke.ts b/lib/routes/yangtzeu/dongke.ts
index 2cd9f38c97..3632a24ffa 100644
--- a/lib/routes/yangtzeu/dongke.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/yangtzeu/dongke.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ async function handler(ctx): Promise<Data> {
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 10;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://dongke.yangtzeu.edu.cn';
-    const currentUrl = new URL(`/${ctx.req.param('path') ?? 'yqzl/xyxw'}.htm`, rootUrl).href;
+    const currentUrl = `${rootUrl}/${ctx.req.param('path') ?? 'yqzl/xyxw'}.htm`;
 
     const { data: response } = await got(currentUrl);
 
@@ -52,15 +52,11 @@ async function handler(ctx): Promise<Data> {
 
                 item.title = content('title').text();
                 item.description = content('div.v_news_content').html();
-                item.category = content('meta[name="keywords"]').prop('content').split(',');
-                item.pubDate = timezone(
-                    parseDate(
-                        content('p.content-info')
-                            .text()
-                            .match(/\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}/)![0]
-                    ),
-                    8
-                );
+                item.category = content('meta[name="keywords"]').prop('content')?.split(',');
+                const pubDate = content('p.content-info')
+                    .text()
+                    .match(/\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}/)?.[0];
+                item.pubDate = pubDate ? timezone(parseDate(pubDate), 8) : undefined;
 
                 return item;
             })
diff --git a/lib/routes/yicai/dt.ts b/lib/routes/yicai/dt.ts
index 76cb760c9d..641cb4a838 100644
--- a/lib/routes/yicai/dt.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/yicai/dt.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { load } from 'cheerio';
 
+import InvalidParameterError from '@/errors/types/invalid-parameter';
 import type { Language, Route } from '@/types';
 import cache from '@/utils/cache';
 import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 import { renderDescription } from './templates/description';
 
@@ -74,6 +76,10 @@ export const route: Route = {
 
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const { column = 'article', category = '0' } = ctx.req.param();
+    if (!isValidHost(column)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid column');
+    }
+
     const limit = ctx.req.query('limit') ? Number(ctx.req.query('limit')) : 30;
 
     const rootUrl = 'https://dt.yicai.com';
diff --git a/lib/routes/yna/index.ts b/lib/routes/yna/index.ts
index 8997d9bb51..9ed13ca14c 100644
--- a/lib/routes/yna/index.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/yna/index.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import got from '@/utils/got';
 import { parseDate } from '@/utils/parse-date';
 import parser from '@/utils/rss-parser';
 import timezone from '@/utils/timezone';
+import { isValidHost } from '@/utils/valid-host';
 
 export const route: Route = {
     path: '/:lang?/:channel?',
@@ -48,17 +49,12 @@ For example, the path for the RSS feed url <https://www.yna.co.kr/rss/economy.xm
 :::`,
 };
 
-// The language becomes the leading label of the requested host below, so it is
-// checked against the codes the route documents. 'sp' is kept as well because
-// the Spanish feed page linked in the description lives on sp.yna.co.kr.
-const languages = new Set(['ko', 'en', 'cn', 'jp', 'ar', 'es', 'sp', 'fr']);
-
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const lang = ctx.req.param('lang') ?? 'ko';
     const channel = ctx.req.param('channel') ?? 'news';
 
-    if (!languages.has(lang)) {
-        throw new InvalidParameterError('Unsupported language');
+    if (!isValidHost(lang)) {
+        throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid lang');
     }
 
     let url;
diff --git a/lib/routes/zcool/user.ts b/lib/routes/zcool/user.ts
index 4cd83be46b..e64f432642 100644
--- a/lib/routes/zcool/user.ts
+++ b/lib/routes/zcool/user.ts
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export const route: Route = {
 async function handler(ctx) {
     const uid = ctx.req.param('uid');
     let pageUrl = `https://www.zcool.com.cn/u/${uid}`;
-    if (Number.isNaN(uid)) {
+    if (Number.isNaN(Number(uid))) {
         if (!isValidHost(uid)) {
             throw new InvalidParameterError('Invalid uid');
         }